Jovan Crnobarac

Der internationale organische stickstoffdauerdüngungsversuch (IOSDV) novi sad nach 12 jahren

Der Internationale Organische Stickstoffdauerdungungsversuch wurde 1983/84 auf Los‐Schwarzerde in Novi Sad mit je 4 Stufen organischer Dungung und je 5 Stufen Mineral‐N‐Dungung und der Fruchtfolge Zuckerruben‐Mais (mittelspat)‐Mais (mittelfruh)‐Winterweizen angelegt. Die Ertrage der 1. bis 3. Rotation und der Zuckergehalt von Zuckerruben im Zeitraum 1984–1995 werden mitgeteilt. Der Einflus der organischen Dungung war relativ gering. Grosen Einflus auf die Ertrage hat die organische Dungung bei Zuckerruben und Gerste erzielt. Der Einflus der Mineral‐N‐Dungung war bei den Pflanzenarten ganz unterschiedlich. Der Stickstoff hat den grosten Einflus auf Winterweizen und Zuckerruben und den schwachsten auf Mais.

Corn Monoculture Yield Response to Fertilization and Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fertilization system, nitrate (NO3)– nitrogen (N) distribution along soil profile, and their interaction on corn yield. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (Serbia) during 2001–2004. Corn monoculture included four fertilization variants: control (Ø), nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) mineral fertilizers, mineral fertilizer + corn stalks (NPK + S), and mineral fertilizers + manure (NPK + M). The greatest yield was found in the variant NPK + M (9.25 t ha−1). Path coefficients showed that greatest direct positive effects on corn yield were exhibited by NO3-N levels at soil depths of 60–90 cm and 30–60 cm. The path analysis showed that winter precipitation (WP) had a direct negative effect on yield performance. However, the effect of the downward movement of NO3-N from the topsoil to deeper soil layers of WP on yield was positive.

Effect of storage period and chemical treatment on sunflower seed germination

SUMMARY Hybrid sunflower seed, regularly protected with chemicals, is used for sowing in the second or the third year if not used in the first year after production. In that case, it is stored in warehouses, and the length of storage period may significantly affect the quality of seeds. An experiment was conducted in Laboratory for Seed Testing of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, in order to examine the effect of storage period on germination of treated sunflower seeds of three commercial hybrids of the Novi Sad Institute. The seed was treated with fungicides - metalaxyl and fludioxonil, as well as with insecticides - thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, while untreated seeds served as control. The sowing was repeated throughout the year, at three-month intervals. The obtained results indicated that, on average, the hybrid Sremac had the highest (94.61%), and the hybrid Šumadinac the lowest seed germination (90.29%). After one year of storage, seed germination declined significantly. All three hybrids treated with fungicides and the control had a significantly higher germination than hybrids treated with insecticides. This regularity was not evident right after the treatment - it became noticeable during the storage.

A permanent trial with organic and mineral fertilizers in monoculture and two-crop rotation as a basis of sustainable maize production

A permanent field trial with different fertilization variants, monoculture and two-crop rotation was established in 1965 at Rimski ˇSancevi experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, on the calcareous chernozem soil. This paper analyzes the experiment data obtained in the period 1971–2001. Yield trends were negative in all fertilization variants, due to unfavorable weather conditions during the second sub-period and the occurrence of Diabrotica virgifera in monoculture. Grain yields were higher in the two-crop rotation than in the monoculture. Highest yields and quality were achieved in both cropping systems when manure and mineral fertilized were applied in combination. The application of manure alone showed significant advantages over the sole application of NPK mineral fertilizers. Plowing under of harvest residues in combination with application of NPK mineral fertilizers is an advantageous solution when manure is not available. In addition to optimum yields and top quality, the variants with combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers left the highest amounts of NO3-N in soil after harvest. For chemozem-type soils with deep ground water table, where there is no risk of nitrate leaching, the dosing of N fertilizers should be further refined. The NO3 level after crop harvest, as a criterion of environmental protection efficiency, should be diversified to fit different soil types and different agro-ecological regions.

Die Wirkung elektromagnetischer Stimulation auf den Keimungsprozess von Weizen

Zusammenfassung:Die Wirkung elektromagnetischer Resonanz-Impuls-Stimulation auf den Keimungsprozess von Weizen wurde anhand von vier Winterweizen-Sorten untersucht. Je nach verwendeter Frequenz variierte die Masse des oberirdischen Keimlinganteils von 0,0 bis 36% bei der Sorte „Jarebica“, von –7,4 bis 11,1% bei der Sorte „Pobeda“, von 7,7 bis 53,8% bei „Kremna“ und von –35 bis 15,2% bei „Evropa 90“. Die Abweichungen bei der Wurzelmasse beliefen sich von –10,8 bis 46,0% bei „Jarebica“, von –7,1 bis 64,3% bei „Pobeda“, von 22,7 bis 204,5% bei „Kremna“ und von –15,9 bis 72,8 bei „Evropa 90“.Summary:Effect of resonant impulse electromagnetic stimulation on initial plant growth has been studied in four winter wheat varieties. Depending on the frequency applied, the mass of the aboveground part of seedlings varied from 0,0 to 36% in the variety Jarebica, from –7,4 to 11,1% in Pobeda, from 7,7 to 53,8% in Kremna and from –35 to 15,2% in Evropa 90. The variations in root mass were from –10,8 to 46,0% in Jarebica, from –7,1 to 64,3% in Pobeda, from 22,7 to 204,5% in Kremna and from –15,9 to 72,8 in Evropa 90.

Die Biophysik in der Wachstumsfunktion von jungen Maispflanzen

Zusammenfassung:Der Ernteertrag ist abhängig von einer Anzahl von Faktoren, u.a. auch biophysikalischen Einflüssen. Die Wirkung verschiedener niederfrequenter elektromagnetischer Impulse auf den Keimungsprozess von Mais wurde an der Hybridsorte NSSC-420 untersucht. Die Versuche wurden in einer Nährlösung durchgeführt. Folgende Pflanzenparameter wurden dabei überwacht: Masse und Länge der Wurzel sowie des oberirdischen Pflanzenteils, Wurzelvolumen und die gesamte und aktive Oberfläche der Wurzel. Unter den untersuchten Frequenzen schnitten die mit B und D gekennzeichneten erheblich besser ab als die Kontrolle hinsichtlich der Zunahme der Trockensubstanzmasse des oberirdischen Pflanzenteils (jeweils 60,7 und 49,2%) und der Pflanzenhöhe (7,1 und 9,1% oder 3,3 und 4,3 cm). Die Masse der Wurzelfrischsubstanz erhöhte sich um 31,2 bzw. 35,3% , die Masse der Wurzeltrockensubstanz um 38,8 und 34,7% oder 18,9 und 17,2 mg. Das Wurzelvolumen nahm um 44,4 und 31,5% zu. Die Gesamtoberfläche nahm um 0,04 bzw. 0,41 m2 zu.Summary:Crop yield depends on a number of factors including biophysical ones. Effects of different low-frequency electromagnetic pulses on the initial growth of corn have been studied in the hybrid NSSC-420. Experiments have been conducted in a nutritive medium. The following plant parameters have been monitored: mass and length of the root and the aboveground part, root volume and total and active surfaces of the root. Among the frequencies studied, those labeled B and D were significantly better than the control regarding dry matter mass increment of the aboveground part (60,7 and 49,2%, respectively) and plant height (7,1 and 9,1% or 3,3 and 4,3 cm, respectively). The mass of root fresh matter was increased by 31,2 and 35,3%, respectively, root dry matter mass by 38,8 and 34,7% or 18,9 and 17,2 mg, respectively. Root volume was increased by 44,4 and 31,5% respectively, total surface by 0,73 and 0,56 m2, respectively, and total surface by 0,04 and 0,41 m2, respectively.

Influence of biostimulators on germination parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of biostimulators, with or without the use of fungicides, on seed quality parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling. Testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on cytoplasmic male sterile sunflower line HA-26-PR. The experiment included six treatments: Slavol S (25%), Slavol S (25%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Bioplant Flora (2%), Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicide (a. m. metalaxyl-M) and control. Results of the research showed that treating the seed with biostimulators prior to sowing has a significant influence on seed germination parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling. The individual application of fertilizers, with or without the use of fungicide, gave a positive effect, while their combination led to a negative effect. The individual application of fertilizers, with or without combination with fungicide, may increase germination energy by 5%, germinability by 6%, but may also reduce the time of seed germination. Likewise, their use has a positive effect on early growth of sunflower seedling. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31025: Razvoj novih sorti i poboljsanja novih tehnologija proizvodnje uljanih biljnih vrsta za razlicite namene]

Interpretation of hybrid by sowing date interaction for 1000 seed weight in sunflower

This paper investigates the effect of hybrid by sowing date interaction on the 1000 seeds weight in sunflower. The experiment included three sunflower hybrids (Miro, Rimi, and Pobednik) and eight sowing dates. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications over three years (2005, 2006 and 2007). For the analysis of hybrid by sowing date interaction linear-bilinear AMMI model (main effects and multiple interaction) was performed. Three-way analysis of variance showed highly significant (P < 0.01) contribution of year (46.2%), hybrid (27.4%) and sowing date (8.4%) on 1000 seed weight. All second and third order interactions were also highly significant. From the hybrid by sowing date interaction highly significant first interaction component (IPC1) was separated which explained 82.3% of the total variance. Based on the graphic presentation the similarity in interaction of hybrids Miro and Rimi was pointed out. With the highest mean value for 1000 seed weight, hybrid Pobednik was different from previous two hybrids, in both main effect and interaction. In the earlier sowing dates (R1, R2) the highest values were achieved, while from sowing date R3 the 1000 seed weight remarkable decreased. Correlations between climatic variables and IPC1 were found which provides agronomic importance in interpretation of the interaction.

Sunflower seed quality and yield in relation to environmental conditions of production region.

SUMMARY Seed quality is a complex character that is determined by a large number of parameters. Because of this, knowing the interrelationships among these parameters is of utmost importance, not only from the point of view of plant selection but also from the standpoint of crop production itself. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of production season and production region (i.e., environmental conditions) on quality parameters and yield of sunflower hybrid seed. The study was conducted on the seed of the hybrids NS-H-111 and Rimi that had been produced at sites located in Serbia and Ukraine. The following traits were studied: germinability, 1000-seed weight, husk content, protein content, and seed yield per hectare. All of the studied parameters were affected the most by the genotype itself. Germinability ranged from 87.75% in NS-H-111 produced in Serbia to 95.50% in Rimi produced in Ukraine. The 1000-seed weight was greatly influenced by the production area. All of the studied factors individually produced highly significant differences in husk content, which ranged from 20.35% in NS-H-111 to 31.40% in Rimi. Seed protein content was highly significantly affected by all the factors studied. On average, genotype had the greatest effect on seed yield as well, with the difference in yield between the hybrids (833.0 kg) being highly significant. On the average, looking at the production season and area, differences were observed with regard to seed yield, but those were not statistically significant.

INTERPRETATION OF INTERACTIONS IN SUNFLOWER AGRONOMIC TRIALS USING MULTIPLICATIVE MODELS AND CLIMATIC INFORMATION / INTERPRETACIÓN DE LA INTERACCIÓN EN ENSAYOS AGRONÓMICOS DE GIRASOL USANDO MODELOS MULTIPLICATIVOS E INFORMACIÓN CLIMÁTICA / INTERPRÉTATION DES INTERACTIONS DANS LES ÉTUDES AGRONOMIQUES DU TOURNESOL PAR L’UTILISATION DE MODÈLES MULTIPLICATIFS ET DE DONNÉES CLIMATIQUES

SUMMARY A three-year experiment (2005, 2006, 2007) including three sunflower hybrids and eight sowing dates was carried out in order to study the impact of hybrid × sowing date interaction on oil yield of sunflower hybrids. With an aim of attaching biological significance to the interaction interpretation, information on four climatic factors (minimum, maximum and mean temperature and precipitation) were used. Significant differences were found between hybrids, sowing dates and years regarding their impact on oil yield. The results of 3-way ANOVA showed that all sources of variation were highly significant (main effects and interaction effects). This indicated variations among sunflower hybrids for oil yield and variations in sowing date and hybrid × sowing date effects. The multiplicative interaction between H × R was further separated in two bilinear terms (PC1 and PC2), and both were highly significant. The SREG2 biplot indicated that the hybrid Miro was the best performer at 11 planting dates. During the three-year experiment, Pobednik produced highest oil yields at 10 planting dates and Rimi only at 3. Sowing dates R1-6, R2-6 and R3-6 were best for oil yield, because they had highest PC1 values and near-zero PC2 values were (SREG2). On the basis of percentages in the first significant dimension, three variables (pr3, mx3, mn3) higher than 50% and with high positive values of loading were extracted. The PLS regression tri-plot shows that all variables were distributed in 4 groups with similar (or different) effects on the total interaction. Minimum temperature (mn4) at physiological maturity had the smallest contribution to the H × R interaction for oil yield. Sowing dates R4-5 and R5-5 also had smallest contributions to the H × R interaction, because they were located near zero point (0.0) and because their oil yields were smaller than the average. The results for sunflower oil yield indicated that the relative performance of the hybrids and sowing dates was strongly under the influence of their different reactions to precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures at the flowering stage. RESUMEN Se condujo un experimento durante tres años (2005, 2006, 2007) incluyendo tres híbridos de girasol y ocho fechas de siembra con el objetivo de estudiar el impacto de las fechas de siembra sobre el rendimiento de aceite de los híbridos de girasol y para evaluar la interacción híbrido × fecha de siembra. Con el objetivo de agregar contenido biológico a la interpretación de la interacción, se utilizó información de cuatro factores climáticos (temperaturas mínima, máxima y media y precipitación). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre híbridos, fechas de siembra y años para rendimiento de aceite. Los resultados del ANOVA trimodal mostraron que todas las fuentes de variación fueron altamente significativas (efectos principales y de interacción). Esto indicó variaciones entre híbridos de girasol para rendimiento de aceite y variaciones en los efectos de fecha de siembra e híbrido × fecha de siembra. La interacción multiplicativa H × R fue luego separada en dos términos bilineales (PC1 y PC2), y ambos fueron altamente significativos. El biplot SREG2 predijo que el híbrido Miro fue el de mayor rendimiento en once fechas de siembra. Pobednik produjo los rendimientos de aceite más altos en diez fechas de siembra y Rimi sólo en tres fechas de siembra durante el experimento de tres años. Las fechas de siembra R1-6, R2-6 y R3-6 fueron las mejores para rendimiento de aceite ya que presentaron los mayores valores para el PC1 y tuvieron valores cercanos a 0 para el PC2 (SREG2). Sobre la base de su porcentaje en la primera dimensión significativa se extrajeron tres variables (pr3, mx3, mn3) con más del 50% y con altos valores positivos, excepto por la precipitación durante la fase de floración (pr3). Se puede observar sobre el triplot de regresión PRS que todas las variables se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos con influencia similar (o diferente) sobre la interacción total. La temperatura mínima en madurez fisiológica (mn4) tuvo la menor contribución a la interacción H × R. Las fechas de siembra R4-5 y R5-5 tuvieron también la menor contribución a la interacción H × R dado que se localizaron cerca del cero (0,0), aunque tuvieron rendimiento de aceite menor al promedio. Los resultados de rendimiento de aceite en girasol indican que el comportamiento relativo de híbridos y fechas de siembra estuvo fuertemente influido por la sensibilidad diferencial a las precipitaciones y temperaturas máximas y mínimas durante la fase de floración. RÉSUMÉ Une experience tri-annuelle (2005, 2006, 2007) incluant trois hybrides de tournesol et huit dates de semis a été conduite pour étudier l’impact de la date de semis sur le rendement en huile des hybrids de tournesol, de même que pour évaluer les interactions hybrides × dates de semis. Avec l’objectif d’accorder une importance biologique à l’ interprétation de l’ interaction, de l’information sur quatre facteurs climatiques (température minimale, maximale, moyenne, et précipitations) a été utilisée. Des différences significatives entre hybrides, entre dates de semis et entre années ont été trouvées. Les résultats de l’analyse de variance à trois facteurs ont montré que toutes les sources de variation (effets principaux et interactions) étaient hautement significatives. Ceci indique des variations entre hybrides pour le rendement en huile, et des variations entre dates de semis et des effets d’interactions hybride × date de semis. L’ interaction a été de plus décomposée de façon multiplicative en deux composantes bilinéaires (PC1 et PC2), et ces deux termes ont été hautement significatifs. L’analyse biplot a prdit que l’hybride Miro était le plus performant pour 11 des dates de semis au cours des trois années d’ expérimentation. Pobednik a donné le plus fort rendement en huile pour 10 des dates de semis, et Rimi seulement pour 3 des dates de semis. Les dates de semis R1-6, R2-6 et R3-6 ont été les meilleures pour le rendement en huile, parce qu’elles avaient les plus hautes valeurs pour la PC1, et avaient des valeurs proches de zéro pour la PC2 (SREG2). Les trois variables (pr3, mx3, mn3) présentent la plus forte contribution. Sur l’analyse tri-plot il peut être observé que toutes les variables se répartissent en 4 groupes ayant une influence similaire ou différente sur l’interaction. La plus petite des contributions à l’ interaction est la temperature minimale (mn4) au cours de la maturation physiologique. Les résultats pour la production d’huile chez le tournesol indiquent que les effets relatifs des hybrides et des dates de semis sont fortement influences par les sensibilités différentielles aux précipitations, et aux températures minimales et maximales durant la période de floraison.