Jozef Fiala

Preliminary Study of Utilizing Ozone in Treatment of Operationally Exhausted Metalworking Fluids

The article deals with preliminary study of possible utilization of ozone oxidative capacity for eliminating the organic content of operationally exhausted MWFs. This research was focused on the treatment of 17 samples clean MWFs diluted concentrates (samples mostly from Castrol, Shell Macron GmbH, Fuchs Oil corp., Agip GmbH, Blaser Swisslube AG, Cimcool Industrial Products BV, Houghton, Exxon Mobile and Quaker) by ozone. The study is focused to the effect of high concentrations of ozone during 4 hours on the kinetics of total organic content using parameters such as COD and TOC. The concentration of the tested MWFs was set at 1% (v/v). Selected MWFs consisted of all types of water miscible – emulsions, semi-synthetic and synthetic fluids.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil in Laboratory Scale

Biodiesel is a product from the transesterification of alcohol and vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is a greener alternative to petroleum diesel. In this study was biodiesel produce from waste sunflower cooking oil. The quality of biodiesel which was purified for two steps was evaluated and compared with sample of biodiesel produced in company MEROCO. The transesterification of waste cooking oil was successfully but biodiesel after first purification wasnt carefully washed. We recommend using plenty of water for purification, approximately 30 % of the biodiesel volume. Washing of the biodiesel was found to be necessary for a better quality biodiesel and the effects were associated with the removal of residual by-products like excess alcohol, excess catalysts, soap and glycerine.

Effect of Ozone Application to Microbial Contaminated Samples of In-Use Metalworking Fluids

Metalworking fluids are prone to bacterial contamination during the operational time. They are unwanted due their impact on the quality of the fluid, health impact of the microbial toxins, pathogens and degradation products of fluid. Typically bacteria are eliminating by the adding of biocides, which could be also harmless to operators health. Ozone is used as a sterilizing agent in many industrial applications, mostly in water disinfection. Wide varieties of microorganisms can be treated by the ozone. Ozone, a powerful disinfectant, is very efficient to inactivate resistant microorganisms under low concentration and short contact time. We studied the application of ozone to sterilize two types of metalworking fluids (synthetic and emulsion) with avoiding of oxidation power of ·OH radicals which are generated during ozonation process.

Study of Selected Characteristics of a Dry Cell Hydrogen Generator in Conditions of Long Term Operation

Hydrogen generator (HHO generator) is a relatively simply device where the oxygen and hydrogen are produced via water electrolysis. Mostly, water solutions of NaOH or KOH are used instead of pure water due to higher electric conductivity of these solutions. In these measurements, current of 2 A was set for three hours and changes in voltage, temperature, efficiency and hourly volume performance were monitored. All measurements were realized with 10% KOH and 10% NaOH solutions and the results were compared and evaluated. KOH solution is considered as a best available one because of its high chemical stability and efficiency of HHO gas production and NaOH solution was selected due to its low price and good availability.

Study of Hydrogen Production Using Photovoltaic

Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is necessary to provide huge amounts of cheap or surplus electricity. So currently is produced by electrolysis of water only 4% of hydrogen. Due to the need to save primary energy resources and environmental problems of thermo-chemical hydrogen production mainly related to the production of CO2 can be assumed that the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources will increasingly expand. The paper deals with possibility of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water using photovoltaic energy.

Study of Basic Characteristics of Hydrogen Generator

HHO technology appeared in USA in 1950s but only in last years it became more interesting due to rising of fossil fuels price. In a device called HHO generator, hydrogen and oxygen are produced onboard on vehicle by electrolysis of water solution of NaOH or KOH. This mixture of gases is known as a HHO gas and it is used as an additive to gasoline in conventional internal combustion engines. Construction of a HHO generator is relatively simply process with small money requirements. All measurements were realized with 10% KOH solution because this electrolyte at this concentration is considered as the best available one. KOH solution excels in chemical stability and efficiency of HHO gas production. For comparison, the 10% NaOH solution was prepared because of low price and good availability of NaOH and all measurements were repeated and results were compared.

Adsorption of Phenol on Red Mud

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by using activated and non-activated red mud in adsorption experiments. The study was carried out as function of red mud dosage and initial phenol concentration. It was found that the maximum removal was obtained at dosage of 0.5 g of red mud and initial concentration of phenol 40 mg/l. Activation has no positive effect on adsorption effectiveness.

Potential Utilization of OECD 302 B Test in Biodegradability Assessment of Metalworking Fluids

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the activated sludge from sewage treatment plant to degrade a part of the 12 randomly selected metalworking fluids (MWFs) according to OECD 302B (with different addition of activated sludge AS 0.25 g/l, 0.50 g/l and 1.00 g/l of suspended solids - SS). The degradability test showed that, after the first 3 hours of cultivating, adsorption grew with the increasing amount of inoculums. In the case of AS addition 1.00 g/l of SS were the adsorption rate lower than 20 % in four samples, in the case of AS addition 0.50 g/l of SS in 9 samples and in the case of AS addition 0.25 g/l of SS in all 12 tested samples. In four samples were also observed the lag phase (adaptation of the bacterias to the presented carbon source). If occur adsorption rate more than 20% it is probably impossible to distinguish biological degradation of organic matter from abiotic elimination from the suspension.