Maroš Soldán

APPLICATION OF FTIR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY FOR DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE IN HYDROLYSATES OF SELECTED STARCHES

Abstract Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as an easy and simple analytical method for determination of starch residues after enzymatic hydrolysis. Different starch sources were liquefaction by α-amylase enzyme Termamyl SC for 25 minutes in autoclave. In the next step were starches solutions enzymatically hydrolysed by enzyme pollulanase Promozyme® for 24 hours to 60°C water bath. Total glucose in starch hydrolysate was determined using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with ATR accessory with diamante crystal by recording the absorption of different carbohydrate in spectral range from 700 - 4000 cm-1. Based on calibration curves of glucose the release of total glucose in hydrolysates was calculated.

Catalytic Ozonization of Phenol with the Use of Alternative Catalysts

Phenol and its derivatives constitutes one of the most dangerous groups of organic chemicals which can cause many environmental and health risks. Therefore removal and degradation of phenol from aqueous solutions is one of the great industrial importance. Ozone is considered to be one of the most effective oxidizing agent for phenol degradation.. The objectives of this study are to examine the roles of added catalyst to rapid the process of phenol degradation by ozone.

Using of AOP Process for Phenol Removal from Wastewater

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed as an emerging technology for hazardous organic treatment in industrial wastewater. For phenol removing from wastewater traditional disinfection by chlorine is not appropriate because of generating more toxic pollutants - chlorophenols so AOPs are widely used for disinfection of this kind of water. In this paper for phenol degradation is used physico-chemical method (ozonization). Also influence of catalyst is monitored. As catalyst red mud and black nickel mud are used. These catalysts are waste from metal production. Results from analyses are compared.

Human Health Concenrs of the Metalworking Fluid Components

Abstract Exploration of 209 available Material safety data sheets of 85 straight oils, 46 emulsions, 51 semi-synthetics and 27 synthetics was carried out to provide a report on the most widely used components defined as dangerous substances. As many as 217 of different substances of which 15 were identified as biocides, 17 as corrosion inhibitors or neutralizing agent, 17 were lubricity improvers and 38 different base fluids, lubricity solvents or surfactants, while 93 substances were not identified specifically and 37 substances occurred only once. This article is focused on the list of base fluids in straight oils and their possible health effects.

Calcination of Nickel Mud

Abstract Different characterizations were carried out on uncalcinated nickel mud and samples calcined in the temperature range of 200–600 °C. In the present paper, the phase composition and structure transition of the nickel mud heated from room temperature are indicated by SEM, EDX analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Samples of nickel mud were collected in Sereď, where nickel was produced from Albanian iron-nickel ore. It was found that calcination has effect on the structure and composition of nickel mud. The obtained results provide an important base for the further studies of comprehensive utilization of nickel mud.

Study of Metalworking Fluids Biodegradability Potential Enhancement by the Prior Application of Ozone

The increases in biological mineralization of selected Metalworking fluids (MWF) pre-treated by ozone were investigated. There were studied 11 different fluids four of emulsion types, four of semi-synthetics and three of synthetic types. Expectations according to the literature review that the pre-treatment enhance the biodegradability of the metalworking fluids were not confirmed in 7 samples. Only 4 samples achieved after ozone pre-treatment better biological degradation. Enhanced biodegradability level after ozone pre-treatment step was observed in three emulsions (Samples 1, 2 and 3) and one semi-synthetics (Sample 7). While nontreated soluble oils reached biodegradability level from 45 to 73 %, after 1 hour of ozone treatment the biodegradability increased from 65 to 82 %. Semisynthetic metalworking fluid without any treatment reached 56 % of the biodegradability level. After one hour of ozone application increased the biodegradability level to 74 % and after 2 hours to 82 %. During ozone treatment it was observed the destabilization of emulsions in half of tested samples.

Study of Selected Characteristics of a Dry Cell Hydrogen Generator in Conditions of Long Term Operation

Hydrogen generator (HHO generator) is a relatively simply device where the oxygen and hydrogen are produced via water electrolysis. Mostly, water solutions of NaOH or KOH are used instead of pure water due to higher electric conductivity of these solutions. In these measurements, current of 2 A was set for three hours and changes in voltage, temperature, efficiency and hourly volume performance were monitored. All measurements were realized with 10% KOH and 10% NaOH solutions and the results were compared and evaluated. KOH solution is considered as a best available one because of its high chemical stability and efficiency of HHO gas production and NaOH solution was selected due to its low price and good availability.

Study of Hydrogen Production Using Photovoltaic

Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is necessary to provide huge amounts of cheap or surplus electricity. So currently is produced by electrolysis of water only 4% of hydrogen. Due to the need to save primary energy resources and environmental problems of thermo-chemical hydrogen production mainly related to the production of CO2 can be assumed that the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources will increasingly expand. The paper deals with possibility of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water using photovoltaic energy.

Study of Basic Characteristics of Hydrogen Generator

HHO technology appeared in USA in 1950s but only in last years it became more interesting due to rising of fossil fuels price. In a device called HHO generator, hydrogen and oxygen are produced onboard on vehicle by electrolysis of water solution of NaOH or KOH. This mixture of gases is known as a HHO gas and it is used as an additive to gasoline in conventional internal combustion engines. Construction of a HHO generator is relatively simply process with small money requirements. All measurements were realized with 10% KOH solution because this electrolyte at this concentration is considered as the best available one. KOH solution excels in chemical stability and efficiency of HHO gas production. For comparison, the 10% NaOH solution was prepared because of low price and good availability of NaOH and all measurements were repeated and results were compared.

Adsorption of Phenol on Red Mud

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by using activated and non-activated red mud in adsorption experiments. The study was carried out as function of red mud dosage and initial phenol concentration. It was found that the maximum removal was obtained at dosage of 0.5 g of red mud and initial concentration of phenol 40 mg/l. Activation has no positive effect on adsorption effectiveness.