Józef Haponiuk

Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers

In this work, the influence of glycols on the glycolysis process and the properties of obtained polyurethanes were investigated. The glycolysates were produced via glycolysis of waste polyurethane foam in the reaction with one of the following glycols: 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol.The reactions were carried out for different mass ratios of polyurethane wastes to glycolysis agent, i.e. 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1. Polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a one-step method of mixing polymeric di-isocyanate and the glycolysis products with molecular masses ranging from 700 to 1000, while a polyol (Poles 55/20) was used as a chain elongation agent. The influence of glycolysates on tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes was investigated using a Zwick universal tensile tester. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that of all used glycols, 1,6-hexanediol gives the best improvement in the thermal stability of polyurethanes during the glycolysis process. The mean hardness of polyurethanes decreases but rebound resilience increases with chain length of the glycol used for obtaining glycolysates.

Advanced coating of interior of tanks for rising environmental safety - novel applications of polyurethanes

Advanced coating of interior of tanks for rising environmental safety - novel applications of polyurethanes The aim of this study was to develop urethane elastomers of predefined properties to be used as elastic coating in the cargo tanks of tankers. A method for coating the liquid polyurethane system onto steel and steel-concrete elements, and a way to join polyurethane coating with the aforementioned elements, were elaborated. The technique of injection the reactive liquid polyurethane system onto cold steel elements was used. The method for utilization and recovery of urethane oligomerols from the waste polyurethane coating in chemical recycling by using low molecular weight glycols as glycolysis agents was proposed.

Preparation, characterization and anti-colitis activity of curcumin-asafoetida complex encapsulated in turmeric nanofiber

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a main form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Asafoetida (ASF) and turmeric have traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including UC, because ASF is rich in sulfur compounds and turmeric contains curcumin (CUR). Turmeric nanofiber (TNF), the modified cell wall component of turmeric is considered to play important role in the human diet, health and can be used as a carrier agent to encapsulate bioactive components. A novel gut health product (GHP) was formulated by encapsulation of ASF and CUR complex onto TNF. The GHP was characterized by UPLC, GC-MS, FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDS and DSC studies. GHP was evaluated for anti-colitis activity in a rat model of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC. Treatment with GHP significantly attenuated the disease activity index, colitis score, histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase activity. GHP has significant protective effects against DSS induced colitis.

Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams

In this work, rigid polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt%) of commercially available petrochemical polyol, with previously synthesized biopolyol based on crude glycerol and castor oil. Influence of the biopolyol content on morphology, chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, thermal stability and flammability was investigated. Incorporation of 35 wt% of crude glycerol-based polyol had reduced average cell size by more than 30% and slightly increased closed cell content, simultaneously reducing thermal conductivity coefficient of foam by 12% and inhibiting their thermal aging. Applied modifications showed also positive impact on the mechanical performance of rigid foams. Increase of crosslink density resulted in enhancement of compressive strength by more than 100%. Incorporation of prepared biopolyol resulted in enhancement of thermal stability and changes in degradation pathway. Up to 35 wt% share of crude glycerol-based polyol, foams showed similar flammability as reference sample, which can be considered very beneficial from the environmental point of view.

Turmeric nanofiber-encapsulated natural product formulation act as a phytogenic feed additive—A study in broilers on growth performance, biochemical indices of blood, and E. coli in cecum

ABSTRACT A phytogenic feed additive (PFA) formulation was prepared with bioactive molecules—curcuminoids, gingerol, and carvacrol by encapsulating in nanofiber isolated from turmeric spent (turmeric nanofiber, TNF). This formulation was completely characterized by scanning electron microscope, ultra performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography and evaluated for its efficacy. PFA-encapsulated TNF (PFA@TNF) considerably increased mean body weight, decreased cholesterol level, mortality rate, and reduced Escherichia coli content of broilers than antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The depth of crypts in the ileum of broilers was considerably reduced by the inclusion of PFA@TNF in diets compared with the AGP. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Mechanical, Structural and Diffusion Studies of Hydrogel Polyurethane Nanocomposites Containing Modified Montmorillonite

Polyurethane hydrogels nanocomposites belong to a new class of hybrid biomaterials with unique swelling properties in comparison to unmodified hydrogels. These materials combine the typical properties of gels (elasticity and permeability) with the reinforcing properties of clay nanoparticles. Therefore, nanohydrogels might be applied in pharmacy for the controlled release and delivery of drugs and other biologically active agents, as well as in cosmetology as strong absorbents. We synthesized nanohydrogel polyurethanes with Cloisite® 30B organically modified clay nanoparticles of montmorillonite to obtain hybrid materials possessing great swelling properties. These materials were studied by XRD, DMA, and water absorption capacity measurements. The synthesis procedure yielded stable and homogeneous hydrogel materials. Addition of clay nanoparticles causes an increase in the absorptivity of water molecules in the polyurethane matrix.

Study of thermal property changes of biopol/polyamide 11 blends during biodegradation in compost

Polymer blends of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-b-hydroxyvalerate) (Biopol) with polyamide 11, possessing copolyester continuous phase, were degraded during 25 weeks in compost. The biodegradation was followed by mass loss and melting enthalpy measurements. The degradability was primary dependent on the hydroxyvalerate content in the blend.

In situ processing of biocomposites via reactive extrusion

Abstract Law regulations, economic and environmental factors are the main causes for the rapidly growing interests in biocomposites’ research, conducted currently in a number of academic and industrial scientific centres. However, weak polymer matrix/filler interactions, common in biocomposites, result in unsatisfactory mechanical properties, which limit their practical applications. From many attempts performed to solve this problem, in situ reactive extrusion is gaining lately a noticeable attention as a cost-effective manufacturing technique with the possibility of increasing the level of interfacial adhesion. Moreover, reactive extrusion enables in situ polymerization of matrix, modification of biodegradable polymers, functionalization of biofillers, or chemical bonding between filler and matrix phases and usually can be performed on commonly used extrusion lines. This chapter presents recent advances in processing of biocomposites via reactive extrusion, including a discussion about its advantages and limitations. The compatibilization mechanisms for different types of polymer matrices and fillers are presented. Furthermore, future trends and development in reactive extrusion of biocomposites are discussed.

Chromatografia gazowa jako narzędzie kontroli procesu wytłaczania materiałów polimerowych

Praca stanowi literaturowy przegląd mozliwości wykorzystania chromatografii gazowej (GC) jako narzedzia kontroli procesu wytlaczania materialow polimerowych. Przedstawiono charakterystyke techniki GC oraz mozliwości, jakie niesie ze sobą kontrola fazy gazowej uwalnianej podczas przetworstwa materialow polimerowych. Na podstawie dotychczas opublikowanych prac badawczych omowiono techniki i metody wykorzystywane do izolacji lotnych związkow organicznych z fazy gazowej generowanej podczas procesu wytlaczania.Praca stanowi literaturowy przegląd mozliwości wykorzystania chromatografii gazowej (GC) jako narzedzia kontroli procesu wytlaczania materialow polimerowych. Przedstawiono charakterystyke techniki GC oraz mozliwości, jakie niesie ze sobą kontrola fazy gazowej uwalnianej podczas przetworstwa materialow polimerowych. Na podstawie dotychczas opublikowanych prac badawczych omowiono techniki i metody wykorzystywane do izolacji lotnych związkow organicznych z fazy gazowej generowanej podczas procesu wytlaczania.

The Study on Application of Biopolyols Obtained by Cellulose Biomass Liquefaction Performed with Crude Glycerol for the Synthesis of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

In this work rigid polyurethane foams (PUR) were obtained by replacement of 0–70 wt% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol obtained via cellulose liquefaction in presence of crude glycerol. The foams with different content of a bio-polyol were prepared by single step method for NCO/OH ratio equals 1.5. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and basic physical and mechanical properties. The effects of photo-oxidative and thermo-oxidative aging on chemical structure, apparent density and mechanical properties of the biomass based rigid polyurethane foams were investigated and discussed.