József Lakner

Combinatorics at electronic circuit realization in FPAA

The field programmable analog array (FPAA) are advantageously useful different functional units, electronic circuits, part of electronic circuit, onto his forming. In this direction there is an opportunity if the cooperation of embedded informatics device and FPAA is possible especially. Perspective that solution, where the electronic circuit to be worked up some-, or more adaptivity plays himself with a partial self-organization in that manner the topology, regarding the parameters of the single elements.

The effect of cyclic thermal stresses in the life of PET shrink's heating body

An automatic device carries out the size-reducing shrinking of polyethylene (PET) bottles using a heating technology featuring the ¿shape memory¿ polyethylene. In the device a lever pushes the bottle in the furnace at a temperature of 800-1300°C then it presses and shrinks it. We have a dual aim when examining the furnace. On one hand, our aim is to determine the relationship between weariness (the number of operation, time of operation) and electric resistance. Its practical function is to justify customer complaints via resistance measuring. Another purpose of our measurements is to offer such a controlling procedure that provides the longest life time under given circumstances in case of a given furnace.

LED displaying on moving mechanical parts

During the daily activity we fund huge application in there we us the point-raster like displaying. We use the physiological parameters of human eyes. So we can use discreet light sources as the basic elements of visible picture or simple an alpha-numerical script. And depend of the environmental parameters from the two dimensional space-discreet-, and mostly in time-discreet driving we can a continues images see. For this necessaries an enough high resolution two dimensional matrix-display, there are made from LCD or LED technologies. In this issues we propose and classifying such methods by there on moving mechanical parts we can displaying images with any bright light emitted diodes with cooperation an acceleration sensor and a microcontroller [1] [2].

Homogenization and preheating of non heat treatable aluminium alloys

The strength characteristics of non heat treatable aluminium alloys (AlMn, AlMg) are formed by work hardening and softening (annealing) heat treatment. In case of the aluminium alloys the aim of homogenization is usually double, partly the increase of the formability during the plastic deformation, partly the achievement of high strength values. At the non heat treatable alloys the effect of homogenization is less in the forming of these characteristics, its role is to keep back the development of rough crystal structure and earing of deep drawbility materials.

Robust electronic application by PSoC

Prevalently occur in electronic components, which are also programmable analog circuits. Particularly promising is a symbiosis in which the circuit can be programmed and cooperation of a microcontroller can be realized. Because of these types of devices are becoming more common, a classic circuit and system techniques storey enjoying a renaissance, which was previously difficult to achieve because of the much less important. Typical such application the robust electronics analog systems. Its function then efficient, if the electronic circuit is certain his behavior, its certain parameters, the changed according to conditions, we can modify it. If we place an embedded controller in the environment of the analogous system, that for us important parameters values it, then the controller because of depends of an algorithm, it may intervene in the function of an analogous electronic circuit. We place one or more programmable system on chip (PSoC)1 circuit - mostly inside of a microcontroller - if it is analogous in an electronic circuit system, on suitable places, then these parametrical and you are topology configuring we may intervene very efficiently[5] [2]. Other hand, the use of Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) or newer version of them, PSoC device suggests on a great opportunity to give additional advantages. More great opportunity is the co-operation of the PSoCs microcontrollers. It is very important to develop such an architecture that allows maximum flexibility and circuit-freedom too[3].

Real time control system for industrial waste water management

Nowadays environmental protection is one of the most important problems. Industrial firms are expected to reduce continuously the environmental load, meanwhile enhancing their productivity. In our study a procedure was developed for the management of the waste water of a pharmaceutical process. The parameters of the waste water, which is flowing into the sewerage system, are generally below the permitted threshold value but occasionally exceeded the limit. To improve this situation an on-line measuring equipment set was applied, by which the chemical oxygen demand (later CODcr) can be estimated on the basis of BRIX refractometric method. A mathematical model was developed for the estimation of the CODcr value and its integral, and the standard deviation. Furthermore a real time control module was developed, which tries to adjust the parameters of the waste water to keep it continuously under the threshold value. It works with three collecting tanks and controls the flow of the water into the tanks and afterwards lets down the water into the drain, or suggests the transportation of it for CODcr removal. The equipment was tested for 45 days, and the measured data were used for the simulation of the control module. During the test period it was established, that the volume of the water which needs transport for CODcr removal became less by 50 percent, while no water, the parameters of which were above the threshold value, flowed into the sewerage system.

Multitude number estimation based on species frequency

The mathematical model for the change of species number in phytoplankton from Lake Stechlin was developed in the other our work, where the species was separated rare and frequent ones. In general case both type species can be settled in and extinct from the ecosystems can be transformed from each to other and a complicate (connected) differential equation system used for description could possible to be solved by ecosystems approximation. The results showed this separation into two types seemed to only be artificial, but it also has biological background, as it may reflect a real difference in the reproductive strategy of species. This latter suggested a little modified criterion compared with the earlier for the division, and the model applying for this case showed a real difference both two types, namely the rare species are stable and the frequent ones are dynamically, as well as that there is no transformation between the rare and frequent species defined in this way. A further consequence is that the differential equation system describing the processes has also become to be separated and they will be solvable one by one without approximation.

Self-annealing at hot rolling

Many of flat rolled products manufacturers are never subjected to a batch annealing practice. Prime high volume examples are AlMnMg (3004, 3014) and AlMg4.5Mn (5182) families of alloys and the similar is used for deep drawn products. If the exit temperature of the last hot rolling pass is high that the material self-anneals, which promotes to form the earing 45° from the earing 90° of the hot rolling. The optimal rate of the two types of earings has to result a material without earing.

Species abundance distribution model for real periphyton samples

The recognition of abundance distribution of periphyton species is important both from theoretical ecological aspect, and from the view of the water monitoring practice. The periphyton species showed exponential distribution, but the rare species have an excess above the expected value. The distribution of the rare species can be hardly investigated by classical statistical methods, because the expected value and the standard deviation are in the same order of magnitude. The distribution function was modelled by computer. This software can generate a multitude by the resultant of two different types of distribution functions, and take random samples from it, according to the valid sampling standard. The artificial samples were compared to the real ones by different methods. The distribution of rare species was found to be uniform in the periphyton.

Calculation of homogenization degree in aluminium alloys using the diffusion parameter approximation

Homogenization is a thermal treatment consisting of a lot of processes controlled by the diffusion process that reduces the segregation created during casting. As grains form in the ingot, the structure undergoes considerable enrichment of the solute at the edges of the grains and this is lessened during homogenization. Homogenization only affects microsegregation, not macrosegregation: the shell of an ingot, for example, is not made thinner through homogenization. The homogenization degree is usually characterized by the diffusion parameter developed for infinite crystals, however, the diffusion length, the secondary dendrite arm spacing is finite. In this work a model of finite diffusion length has been developed to calculate the diffusion time belonging to a diffusion degree of 95%.