Juan Miguel Alcántara-Pilar

A cross-cultural analysis of the effect of language on perceived risk online

This paper investigates whether perceived risk online is affected by the language in which a user browses a given website. In order to achieve this objective and test the proposed hypotheses, a 2x2 between-subjects experimental design was chosen, using two independent variables with two levels each, namely: culture (Spanish vs. British) and processing language (Spanish vs. English). The final sample comprised 491 individuals (264 Spanish and 227 British). Half the sample browsed in their mother tongue, and the other half in a second language. The results showed that Spanish users perceive less risk when browsing in English than in Spanish, while for the British there was no difference, in terms of perceived risk, between browsing in Spanish or English. Another interesting finding is the moderating effect of message involvement on the processing of information from the website, and thus its effect on the users perception of risk.

Antecedents of attitudes toward the website

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating role of the cultural dimensions of long-term orientation (LTO) and individualism (IND) on the relationships between satisfaction online, message involvement (MI) and perceived usefulness (PU) of the web site on attitude toward the web site. Design/methodology/approach – The authors chose a between-subjects experimental design, using culture (Spanish vs British) as the independent variable. Two versions of a web site for a fictitious tourist destination were created – one written in Spanish and the other in English. The sample comprised 491 users. Findings – The findings indicate that the LTO dimension moderates the relationship between satisfaction online and PU on attitude toward the web site. The relationships between MI and attitude toward the web site could not be confirmed. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is the comparison of only two cultures, Spain vs the UK. Practical implications – The key impli...

Toward an understanding of online information processing in e-tourism: does national culture matter?

ABSTRACT Tourism is undoubtedly among the industries that better reflect the effects of globalization, technological advances (i.e. the Internet) being one of the most relevant drivers. Given the current market saturation of this sector, a better understanding of how tourists from different cultures process online information and forge their attitudes and behavioral intentions is called for. Nevertheless, national culture may have a major influence on the effectiveness of online tourist marketing activities. This study contributes to the extant body of knowledge via the analysis of the influence of perceived risk on how tourists process the information while browsing a tourist destination website, form their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the destination. The effect of national culture on such antecedents is examined via a cross-cultural research to compare Spanish and British cultures. A theoretical model is proposed to integrate the effect of perceived risk and variables regarding technology acceptance on tourist responses.

Do adhocracy and market cultures facilitate firm-wide integrated marketing communication (IMC)?

The conceptualization of integrated marketing communication (IMC) has evolved from the marketing communications-centered approach (in the early 1990s) to a broader, firm-wide organizational perspective. The latter is adopted in this research to define IMC as a multidimensional concept. This study was conducted to develop a measurement instrument to assess IMC and examine the role of organizational culture in IMC implementation. Data were gathered via an online survey conducted among CEOs and other senior managers. The findings provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the proposed IMC scale and demonstrate that the dominance of an adhocracy (vs. market) culture contributes to building a more IMC-friendly organizational environment.

The Mediating Role of Integrated Corporate Communication on the Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Market Performance

Since the appearance of its first definition as Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in the early 1990s, the concept of integration has been increasingly attracting the attention of both academics and professionals (Hackley 2010; Laurie and Mortimer 2011; Kliatchko and Schultz 2014). However, the theoretical background still appears to be fairly disjointed and confused, mainly due to the lack of scholarly consensus over the definition and, especially in the last decade, the terminology to be used to name the concept (Christensen et al. 2008; Smith 2013). This conceptual confusion has hindered the development of valid and reliable measurement scales, preventing scholars from conducting robust empirical research. Based on an extensive literature review, this chapter develops a theoretical framework for “Integrated Corporate Communication” (ICC), opting for a terminology that enables us to explicitly embrace a more holistic approach which holds that the locus of integration is the whole organization. The authors of this chapter define ICC as the stakeholder-centered interactive process of cross-functional planning and alignment of organizational, analytical, and communication processes that allows for the possibility of continuous dialogue by conveying consistent and transparent messages via all media in order to foster long-term profitable relationships that create value. Tactical consistency, interactivity, stakeholder-centered strategic focus, and organizational alignment are identified in the present research as the ICC dimensions. Several driving factors and effects of integrated communication have been examined in previous studies, mostly taking a conceptual approach, while empirical research is still fairly scant. In fact, many scholars (Taylor 2010; Laurie and Mortimer 2011; Kliatchko and Schultz 2014) have called for further and more robust empirical efforts to reveal the factors that foster or hinder integration and to demonstrate the positive effects that can be obtained via ICC in terms of market performance. Thus, the chapter aims to empirically analyze the influence of organizational culture on ICC to determine whether ICC fully mediates the relationship between organizational culture–market performance and to prove the beneficial effects derived from ICC in terms of economic–financial results, brand-related outcomes, and customer satisfaction.

The Impact of Music Festivals on Local Communities and Their Quality of Life: Comparation of Serbia and Hungary

Music festivals are often seen as the key drivers of cities economy, and hence there is an increasing interest in the numerous benefits and costs associated with hosting them. The local governments and event organizers usually focus on the economic benefits, but the social impacts may have an even more profound effect upon the quality of life of local community. Moreover, quality of life research has been well explored in medicine, psychology, and the social sciences, although it has received very little attention within festival studies (Andereck KL, Nyaupane G, Development of a tourism and quality-of-life instrument. In: Budruk M, Phillips R (eds) Quality-of-life community indicators for parks, recreation and tourism management, vol 43. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 95–113, 2011). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the social impacts of two famous European music festivals EXIT in Serbia and SZIGET in Hungary on their communities. The research was inspired by the previous work of Delamere (Development of a scale to measure local resident attitudes toward the social impact of community festivals. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Edmonton, 1998, Event Manag 7:25–38, 2001) who developed the Festival Social Impact Attitude Scale (FSIAS). The results indicate that social impacts have two main dimensions, social benefits and social costs. In addition, residents perceived more social benefits than social costs of the festivals in both countries. The findings have practical implications for the local authority and festival management such as acknowledgement of residents’ opinion towards impacts of festivals on their quality of living and, consequently, their willingness to support the organization of the event that, in long term, influence overall sustainability of the festival.

Modeling the Antecedents and Effects of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in the Hospitality Industry: An Extended Abstract

Over the last two decades, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has attracted a great deal of attention from both academia and practitioners and has recently gained momentum due to the increasingly more dynamic environment. Despite a significant research corpus, several authors still call for more conceptualization and measurement efforts, underlining that the lack of valid and reliable scales represents the main barrier preventing scholars from conducting robust research in this field. In addition, the paucity of empirical evidence of the beneficial effects of integration on performance represents a barrier to broad practice by organizations (Duncan and Mulhern 2004), while Ots and Nyilasi (2015) point out that integration is often problematic in practice due to the organizational context, highlighting the need to analyze the influence of organizational culture (especially the role of leadership) on integration processes. With these premises, this paper aims to empirically analyze (1) how technological turbulence and competitive intensity (two relevant characteristics of the dynamic environment) affect the adoption of adhocracy as the dominant organizational culture type; (2) the influence of adhocracy culture on IMC; and (3) the effect of IMC on sales-related performance, brand advantage, and customer satisfaction.

Examining the Mediating Role of Integrated Marketing Communication on the Relationship between Adhocracy Culture and Brand Advantage

Despite over twenty years of intense academic research on Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), this concept “continues to stir debate, discussion and, in some cases, confusion” (Kliatchko and Schultz, 2014, p. 373). Several authors (Kliatchko, 2008; Porcu, Del Barrio-Garcia and Kitchen, 2012) have highlighted the lack of consensus among academics over the definition of IMC. Since its very emergence, the IMC concept has expanded from a narrowly focused marketing communications approach to a more holistic ‘firm-wide’ organisational perspective (Duncan and Moriarty, 1998; Cook, 2004; Christensen, Firat and Torp, 2008; Munoz-Leiva, Porcu and Del Barrio-Garcia, 2015).

The Moderating Role of Language in the Relationship Between Perceived Risk, Perceived Usability, and Satisfaction Online

The Internet can be considered one of the greatest contributors to the globalization of markets (Constatinides et al. 2010). Within this context, it is vital to take into account the cultural differences that exist between different markets (Rey et al. 2013), as well as the particular language that is most advisable for each context. There are currently 7106 living languages in the world, spoken by 6200 million people, with the most widely spoken as first languages (L1) being Chinese (1197 million users), Spanish (414 million users), and English (335 million users) (Lewis et al. 2014). On the Internet, these three languages are also the most widely used but English is in top position with 800 million users, followed by Chinese (649 million), and Spanish (222 million) (Internet World Stats 2014). Some 80 % of those who browse in English use it as their second language (L2) (Internet World Stats 2014). These data are of particular interest to firms operating in international markets as, depending on the language in which users process information, consumer behavior may vary. Language conveys cultural references that shape cognitive processing (Luna et al. 2008).

Las consecuencias de navegar en español vs. inglés a la hora de desarrollar la lealtad hacia un destino turístico en internet

[ES] Este trabajo analiza la influencia de los valores culturales de un idioma al procesar la informacion de una pagina web sobre el riesgo percibido online, sobre el desarrollo de actitudes positivas hacia un sitio Web y sobre las lealtades hacia un destino turistico. Se propone un modelo basado en el TAM en el que el riesgo percibido online es el antecedente y la lealtad hacia el destino es el resultado final. Para lograr este objetivo y poner a prueba las hipotesis propuestas, se eligio un diseno experimental entre sujetos usando como variable independiente el idioma con dos niveles: Espanol vs. Ingles. La muestra final consta de 264 usuarios espanoles, la mitad de los cuales navego en espanol y la otra mitad en ingles. Los resultados demostraron que la dimension cultural control de incertidumbre moderaba los efectos del riesgo percibido sobre la facilidad de uso percibida y la utilidad percibida. El efecto de la utilidad percibida y de la facilidad de uso percibida sobre la actitud hacia el sitio web depende de la variable orientacion en el tiempo del idioma en el que se procesase la informacion. Las diferencias en la relacion entre la actitud hacia el sitio web y la lealtad hacia el destino turistico no estan moderadas por el lenguaje.