Judith F. Stone

Forgotten crisis : the fin-de-siècle crisis of democracy in France

The haute bourgeoisie faces the menace of democracy tax reform - the main issue, 1893-1898 the coming of the radical challenge the haute bourgeoisie battles the radical ministry the radical ministry leaves office the threat of revolution, 1893-1898 bourgeois social defense, 1893-1898 the Dreyfusian revolution conclusion. Appendix: common sense and the Dreyfus affair - explaining the actions of French army leaders.

Une Femme, le Carmel, la République. La Princesse Jeanne Bibesco. Mémoires apocryphes (review)

the Apostles.”7 Newman delayed converting only because he feared he was under a “delusion” or guilty of “some secret fault.”8 He wrote the Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (1845) to test his growing conviction and left it unfinished when he was secure in his decision. He converted when he did because the visit of Father Domenic Barberi and the break-up of the Littlemore community seemed “an external call.”9 We have only Turner’s word for it (pp. 101, 103) that he was in any way influenced either by the Oakeley condemnation or by the friendly Bishop Bagot’s projected transfer. Nor was it “an open historical question” whether he would convert. It was simply a question of time.

Reviews : Sudhir Hazareesingh, Political Traditions in Modern France, Oxford, Oxford University Press, ISBN 019-878074-5; 1994; vii + 355 pp.;

most appropriate to take stock of the term ’modem’ as applied to French political history. This is the task, albeit with different emphases, which two Oxford scholars have set for themselves. Both Sudhir Hazareesingh, Fellow and Tutor in Politics at Balliol College, and Robert Gildea, Fellow and Tutor in Modem History at Merton College, have published extensively on nineteenthand twentieth-century France and Europe. Their most recent studies address late nineteenthand twentieth-century French political culture.

35.00. Robert Gildea, France Since 1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-219246-9, 1996; vii + 280 pp.; £17.99

century suggested an average of eight litres of drinkable water per person per day (1991). Given the circumstances, one would imagine that plans to increase the water supply of Paris, through a system of pipelines and public fountains, would have met with enormous enthusiasm, but that was not the case: the porteurs d’eau, for example, who carried water to buildings for a living, worried that their livelihoods would be threatened. Even stronger opposition came from landlords: the more water their

Reviews : H. S. Jones, The French State in Question; Public Law and Political Argument in the Third Republic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-43149-2, 1992; viii + 231 pp.; £30.00

Housing Strategies in Europe demonstrates the value of studying modern social issues from the perspective of several national experiences. The eleven chapters and Pooley’s useful introduction and conclusion contribute significantly to our understanding of working-class urban housing conditions, the effectiveness of government policies in responding to those conditions, and the ideologies which shaped conditions and policies. Most contributors are social and economic historians, but essays from geographers, experts in policy science and an architect are also included. The national studies range from Scandinavia to the British Isles, to central Europe, to the Mediterranean. Numerous statistical tables, architectural plans and illustrations accompany each chapter which are followed by chronological lists of key legislation and substantial bibliographies. These elements alone make this collection a valuable reference source for