Júlia Issy Abrahão

Entre a organização do trabalho e o sofrimento: o papel de mediação da atividade

Models of work organization do not usually consider the necessary flexibility in dealing with complex and varied job situations. Within this context, strategies that sometimes cheat rules or norms are developed by employees. These strategies may produce better task results and cognitive economy for them. This study aims to discuss how work organization elements may either to make difficult or help employees under critical working conditions. That is, situations in which workers are required to respond to demands, take decisions and problem solving under time pressure. This paper is supported by empirics data from the results of the study realized in the call-center.

As transformações do trabalho e desafios teórico-metodológicos da Ergonomia

The article contextualizes the evolution of work, identifying the changes occurred and how they have transformed the nature of work. It presents the theoretical development of the approaches used in the relationship between man and work in consequence of the technological innovations. The approach adopted in this text favors the analysis of computerized work situations and how they impact on the work conditions. The leading reference is Ergonomics, its intervention models and its limits in this new work context.

As estratégias operatórias e a gestão da informação no trabalho de enfermagem, no contexto hospitalar

O estudo analisa as estrategias operatorias de gestao da informacao, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar para regular o trabalho. O quadro teorico inscreve-se no campo da ergonomia, articulando conceitos de regulacao da atividade, representacoes para e na acao. A Analise Ergonomica do Trabalho - AET orientou a coleta de dados. Os resultados demonstram que as estrategias adotadas pelos enfermeiros apoiam-se na utilizacao de um recurso informal externo (anotacoes pessoais) que visa, sobretudo, reduzir a carga mental de trabalho e garantir a fiabilidade de suas acoes.

Navegabilidade e inclusão digital: usabilidade e competência

Based on the referential theory of the Cognitive Ergonomics, this theoretical article articulates the usability criteria, and its pertinence to the evaluation of the web informatization systems, as one of the possible perspectives to minimize the digital exclusion. This way, the article points out new elements that can be conceptually added in the construction or evaluation of websites, such as the concept of competency to action – understood through the operatory and heuristics strategies adopted by the users, and the decision process based on the representations for action. At the end, considerations are made for the articulation of these variables with navigation criteria, and with the concepts which are behind the principles of digital inclusion.

Ergonomia, Cognição e Trabalho Informatizado

This article presents a critical discussion about the navigability on applicatives and websites from an anthropocentric perspective and it assumes that the final user is a co-participant of the graphic interface conception. The usability concept is discussed, as well as its role as an evaluating and propositional element. It is demonstrated its limitations when is considered only the internal logic of the artifact. The concept of navigability and competence for action are proposed integrating the user in an interactive micro level with the graphic interface. The proposed dialectic between usability and navigability allows the (re)conceptualization from the user logic rather than from the designer logic.

Ergonomics and Architectural Programming: A Possible Articulation?

Throughout history, the practice of architectural design for industrial buildings generally considered the criterion of square footage established by the number of occupants or machines of a specific environment as a design parameter. Large sheds are often built for the distribution of industry sectors in space, prioritizing the manufacturing sequences and sizes of equipment. Nevertheless, space needs to be considered as an important resource in the management process. One of the problems faced by architects in their professional practice is the difficulty in integrating the expected functional quality into an architectural program with their architectural designs. In fact, it has been mainly considered what is prescribed, that is, the task, disregarding the activity and its resulting problems. The hypothesis of this study sustains that, when integrating the Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) as an auxiliary tool in the architectural programming, it is possible to promote functional quality for the use of the building. In this perspective, this study compares the methods used in EWA and architectural programming to enrich different design processes used by architects in their daily work. The research, carried out empirically in a Brazilian food industry, whose activities, inherent to the prescribed tasks, were analyzed in a systematic way, has the purpose of adding contributions to the usual methodology of architectural design. The results indicate that the lack of activity analysis generates problems in the production flow and a layout without flexible spaces for the integration of new machines in the implementation of new products.

Ergonomic Accessibility Assessment in Mixed-Use Buildings

In ergonomics parameters are purposed to the development of accessible projects, according to its methods that allow the integration of usage and interaction of the user with the environment. Mixed-used buildings have been a trend in the real estate market in the last few years and it has been contributing significantly to an improvement in the Brazilian economy. In this perspective when articulating postulates of the Brazilian Technical Normative (NBR 9050/2015) among the ergonomics, the present research evaluates if the studied buildings comply such in the architectonical project, considering the accessibility criteria contained in the normative, as, in its usage, in favor of the comfort and its safety for persons with reduced mobility.

The process of developing new competences : a case study at a family agricultural production unit

This article addresses the difficulties faced by farmers who implement new production methods on their land. We discuss the nature of the new competences that farmers must develop, highlighting the complexities of the means they use, the difficulties they confront in this process, and the strategies farmers develop in consonance with the practical knowledge of their profession. The method used includes elements of Ergonomic Work Analysis combined with a case study. Le Boterfs model of the process of constructing competences is used to support the data analysis. The discussion is organized based on an analysis of the evolution of consolidated competences that are re-elaborated for a new agricultural production. The analysis of the strategies and operational modes is introduced, and their contribution to the development of new competences is noted, thus enriching the model proposed by Le Boterf. It is essential to understand the cognitive processes, strategies, and operating modes involved in the development of competences. This procedure provides mechanisms that preserve the opportunity for observation of significant variables in managing variability to be included in the transformation or evolution of work situations and to define the activities that workers will perform.

The operatory strategies and information process of the nursing work in hospital context

O estudo analisa as estrategias operatorias de gestao da informacao, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar para regular o trabalho. O quadro teorico inscreve-se no campo da ergonomia, articulando conceitos de regulacao da atividade, representacoes para e na acao. A Analise Ergonomica do Trabalho - AET orientou a coleta de dados. Os resultados demonstram que as estrategias adotadas pelos enfermeiros apoiam-se na utilizacao de um recurso informal externo (anotacoes pessoais) que visa, sobretudo, reduzir a carga mental de trabalho e garantir a fiabilidade de suas acoes.

Las estrategias operatórias y la gestión de la información del trabajo de enfermeros en el entorno hospitalario

O estudo analisa as estrategias operatorias de gestao da informacao, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar para regular o trabalho. O quadro teorico inscreve-se no campo da ergonomia, articulando conceitos de regulacao da atividade, representacoes para e na acao. A Analise Ergonomica do Trabalho - AET orientou a coleta de dados. Os resultados demonstram que as estrategias adotadas pelos enfermeiros apoiam-se na utilizacao de um recurso informal externo (anotacoes pessoais) que visa, sobretudo, reduzir a carga mental de trabalho e garantir a fiabilidade de suas acoes.