Jung-Hwan Nam

In‐vitro and in‐vivo anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis

The anti‐inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis (MEMO) (Rubiaceae) were evaluated in‐vitro and in‐vivo. The effects of MEMO on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were examined. MEMO potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these results, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) at the protein level, and of iNOS, COX‐2 and TNF‐α at the mRNA level, was also inhibited by MEMO in a concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, MEMO inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation induced by LPS, and this was associated with the prevention of degradation of the inhibitor κB (IκB), and subsequently with attenuated p65 protein in the nucleus. The anti‐inflammatory effect of MEMO was examined in rats using the carrageenan‐induced oedema model. The antinociceptive effects of MEMO were assessed in mice using the acetic acid‐induced abdominal constriction test and the hot‐plate test. MEMO (100, 200 mg kg−1 per day, p.o.) exhibited anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in these animal models. Taken together, the data demonstrate that MEMO has anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive activity, inhibiting iNOS, COX‐2 and TNF‐α expression by down‐regulating NF‐κB binding activity.

α-Chaconine isolated from a Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators via AP-1 inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and protects mice from endotoxin shock.

In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of α-chaconine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in LPS-induced septic mice. α-Chaconine inhibited the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at the transcriptional level, and attenuated the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by reducing the translocation and phosphorylation of c-Jun. α-Chaconine also suppressed the phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), which lies upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7)/Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. JNK knockdown using siRNA prevented the α-chaconine-mediated inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. In a sepsis model, pretreatment with α-chaconine reduced the LPS-induced lethality and the mRNA and production levels of pro-inflammatory mediators by inhibiting c-Jun activation. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of α-chaconine are associated with the suppression of AP-1, and support its possible therapeutic role for the treatment of sepsis.

Analgesic and Anti-Gastropathic Effects of Salidroside Isolated from Acer tegmentosum Heartwood

The heartwood of Acer tegmentosum (Acereaceae) has been used as a Korean traditional medicinal drug against alcohol poisoning and hepatitis. To find the biologically active substance in A. tegmentosum heartwood, we investigated the protective effects of the heartwood extract and its constituents on pain and gastropathy in mouse. In these experiments, salidroside, a major compound, significantly reduced gastric lesion and pain in mice. Oral administration of salidroside at the 10 and 20 mg/kg doses greatly reduced the gastric lesion induced by HCl/ethanol (inhibitory effect, 51.5 and 68.8%, respectively) and by indomethacin/bethanechol (inhibitory effect, 31.3 and 38.8%, respectively). Salidroside also stabi- lized pH of gastric juice and the increase of gastric juice secretion and total acid output. Taken together, these results demonstrated that salidroside is the main ingredient of A. tegmentosum heartwood to prevent gastric lesion and pain that can be caused by drinking alcohol.

α-Solanine Isolated From Solanum Tuberosum L. cv Jayoung Abrogates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via NF-κB Inactivation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Endotoxin-Induced Shock Model in Mice

α‐Solanine, a trisaccharide glycoalkaloid, has been reported to possess anti‐cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of α‐solanine isolated from “Jayoung” a dark purple‐fleshed potato by examining its in vitro inhibitory effects on inducible nitric‐oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and its in vivo effects on LPS‐induced septic shock in a mouse model. α‐Solanine suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX‐2 both at protein and mRNA levels and consequently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. α‐Solanine also reduced the production and mRNA expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induced by LPS. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that α‐solanine inhibited LPS‐induced activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) by reducing nuclear translocation of p65, degradation of inhibitory κBα (IκBα), and phosphorylation of IκB kinaseα/β (IKKα/β). In an in vivo experiment of LPS‐induced endotoxemia, treatment with α‐solanine suppressed mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX‐2, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, and the activation of NF‐κB in liver. Importantly, α‐solanine increased the survival rate of mice in LPS‐induced endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis models. Taken together, our data suggest that the α‐solanine may be a promising therapeutic against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2327–2339, 2016.

Ethanol Extract of Potentilla supina Linne Suppresses LPS-induced Inflammatory Responses through NF-κB and AP-1 Inactivation in Macrophages and in Endotoxic mice.

In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Potentilla. supina Linne (EPS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and septic mice. EPS suppressed LPS‐induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1β at production and mRNA levels in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these observations, EPS attenuated the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 by downregulation of their promoter activities. Molecularly, EPS reduced the LPS‐induced transcriptional activity and DNA‐binding activity of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and this was associated with a decrease of translocation and phosphorylation of p65 NF‐κB by inhibiting the inhibitory κB‐α degradation and IKK‐α/β phosphorylation. Furthermore, EPS inhibited the LPS‐induced activation of activator protein‐1 by reducing the expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun in nuclear. EPS also suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase, such as p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. In an LPS‐induced endotoxemia mouse model, pretreatment with EPS reduced the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2 and proinflammatory cytokines and increased the survival rate of mice. Collectively, these results suggest that the antiinflammatory effects of EPS were associated with the suppression of NF‐κB and activator protein‐1 activation and support its possible therapeutic role for the treatment of endotoxemia. Copyright

Inhibitory effects of extracts from Smilacina japonica on lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 production in RAW264.7 macrophages

Smilacina japonica is a localized common rhizomatous flowering plant, This plant is often used in Korean traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for migrain, diplegia, physical impurity, blood circulation, abscess and contusion. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. japonica using the ethanolic extract and its sub- fractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results indicated that hexane fraction significantly inhibited the LPS induced NO and PGE2 production in the cells. The hexane fractions inhibitory activity for NO tests with IC50 values showed in 53.3 μg/ml and PGE2 tests with IC50 values showed at 32.5 μg/ml. Theseis result suggest a potential role of hexane fraction from S. japonica as source of anti-inflammatory agent.

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from Potentilla supina in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells

본 연구에서는 개소시랑개비 (Potentilla supina)의 전초를 이용하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성 효과를 평가하였다. 대식세포인 RAW264.7 cell에서 염증 매개 물질인 lipopo-lysacchride(LPS)로 염증을 유발해 nitric oxide (NO), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)와 prostaglandin

SCaM-5, a soybean calmodulin, is required for disease resistance against both a bacterial and fungal pathogen in tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum

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Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.

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Anti-inflammatory activities of ent-16αH,17-hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid isolated from the roots of Siegesbeckia pubescens are due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-κB inactivation

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