Jungup Lee

A Review of Bullying Prevention and Intervention in South Korean Schools: An Application of the Social–Ecological Framework

School bullying is a serious social problem that results in potentially severe and long lasting consequences for youth, parents, teachers, and school officials. Commensurate with the serious nature and outcomes of bullying, there has been a number of bullying prevention and intervention programs and measures in schools. The current review provides a synthesis and evaluation of the existing research on bullying prevention and intervention strategies in South Korean schools, set within Bronfenbrenner’s social–ecological contexts, including the micro- (i.e., family, peer, school), meso- (i.e., family–school), and macro- (i.e., religion, policies) systems. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of the research reviewed and provide directions for future research focusing on major empirical gaps in the literature on bullying prevention and intervention strategies in South Korea.

Understanding the correlates of face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization among U.S. adolescents : a social-ecological analysis

Using a national sample of 7,533 U.S. adolescents in grades 6–10, this study compares the social-ecological correlates of face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization. Results indicate that younger age, male sex, hours spent on social media, family socioeconomic status (SES; individual context), parental monitoring (family context), positive feelings about school, and perceived peer support in school (school context) were negatively associated with both forms of victimization. European American race, Hispanic/Latino race (individual), and family satisfaction (family context) were all significantly associated with less face-to-face victimization only, and school pressure (school context) was significantly associated with more face-to-face bullying. Peer groups accepted by parents (family context) were related to less cyberbullying victimization, and calling/texting friends were related to more cyberbullying victimization. Research and practice implications are discussed.

The Effects of Risk and Protective Factors on Juvenile Delinquency in South Korea

This study focused on the influence of risk and protective factors on juvenile delinquency in South Korea. The study also investigated the relationship between risk and protective factors. The first wave of data in the Korea Youth Panel Survey included 3,449 adolescents. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. Analysis revealed that parental monitoring and teacher attachment as protective factors were both associated with lower levels of delinquency. Moreover, delinquent peers and poor parenting as risk factors were associated with high levels of delinquency. The relationships between parent attachment and delinquency and between academic performance and delinquency were found to be nonsignificant. Finally, protective factors mitigated risk factor effects on delinquency levels.

Validation of Measures of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Emerging Adulthood

Objective: Cyber bullying represents a new and alarming form of bullying that potentially leads to serious and long-lasting consequences for young people; yet, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of cyberbullying behaviors among emerging adults. Thus, this study aims to close this gap by assessing the development and validation of the cyberbullying behavior scales for application in social work research and practice settings. Methods: Two scales, cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) and cyberbullying victimization (CBV), were validated using a purposive sample of 286 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25. Results: Both CBP and CBV scales showed excellent reliability (α = .93 for CBP and α = .95 for CBV), good fit, and strong convergent validity. Conclusions: The cyberbullying behavior scales provide valid and reliable measures of emerging adults’ bullying behaviors. Implications for further social work research and practice are discussed.

Does Music Therapy Improve Mental Health in Adults? A Review

The current review provides a summarized synthesis and evaluation of studies addressing the effects of music therapy (MT) alone or MT added to standard care on mental health among adults. Potential studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases and manual searches. Studies were included for review if (1) the study methodology involved a randomized control trial, (2) the study outcome included a measure of mental health, (3) the study sample included adults ages 18 and older, and (4) the study was published in an English language peer-reviewed journal since 2006. Applying these criteria, the search yielded 593 studies, 9 of which were ultimately retained for review. These studies generally found MT to be more effective than no treatment or than standard care alone. Long-term studies were few, and results suggest no meaningful differences over time.

Online Activity, Alcohol Use, and Internet Delinquency Among Korean Youth: A Multilevel Approach

This study examined the effects of online activity and alcohol use on Internet delinquency using data sets from the Korea Youth Panel Survey and focusing on adolescents in their 10th grade in high school (Wave 3). The current study investigated differences in Internet delinquency at Level 1 and Level 2. The units of Level 1 were students and those of Level 2 were schools. The total sample size for this study was 2,854 students at Level 1 and 166 schools at Level 2. Given the hierarchical nature of this data set, this study used hierarchical generalized linear modeling to determine that those youth who drank, used computer games, and used mobile phones were more likely to engage in Internet delinquency compared to nondrinkers, non–computer users, and non–mobile phone users.

Predicting delinquent behaviors for Korean youth using the parent–child relationship and career goal tension

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish underlying dimensions for variables related to the parent–child relationship and career goal tension in order to create predictor variables. Another goal was to use these subscales to predict delinquent behaviors. Thus, the study assessed the potential differential impact these variables had on delinquent behavior after controlling for gender. The analyses were based on data from the 1st wave of the Korea Youth Panel Survey, and a final sample of 3,241 youth was utilized. The analysis revealed that there were 5 factor predictors according to the items in each factor: parental attachment, parental stress, parental monitoring, career recommendation, and career discrepancy. Parent–child relationship and career goal tension factors were partially associated with delinquent behaviors for Korean youth. Moreover, those relationships were partially moderated by gender.

Urban African American Youth and Their Caregivers’ Perceptions of School Safety in Chicago: A Social-Ecological Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine multiple factors related to school safety perceptions of youth and parents. Study sample consisted of 131 low-income, urban African American youth and their parents. Females were more likely to perceive their school as unsafe. Parents who were close to their child reported schools as safe. Both youth and parents perceived school as safe when youth has a positive relationship with teachers. Youth whose school was far from their neighborhood reported feeling safe. Neighborhood satisfaction was associated with school safety perceptions among youth. Community violence exposure was related to school safety perceptions among parents.

Acculturation Factors Related to Obesity of Latino American Men Nationwide.

Obesity is a public health epidemic, particularly among underrepresented populations. With a large proportion of immigrants, Latino Americans comprise the largest minority population in the United States. This study examined the association of acculturation factors with obesity among Latino American men (n = 1,127) using the National Latino and Asian American Study. The result identified two acculturation-related factors (being U.S.-born and living in the United States for the longest period/5-10 years) as positive correlates. In contrast, a different study on obesity in Latino American women demonstrated discrimination, but not the above factors, as significant correlates. The men’s pattern suggests that the Hispanic/Latino paradox might have greater implications for men with respect to weight issues. Furthermore, Mexican American and Other Latino American men presented a greater likelihood of being obese than Cuban and Puerto Rican men. The findings, if replicated in prospective research, suggest the need for gender- and ethnic-specific intervention for obesity in Latino American men, particularly for the largest subgroup, Mexican Americans.