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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2010

Robust crop resistance to broadleaf and grass herbicides provided by aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase transgenes

Terry R. Wright; Guomin Shan; Terence A. Walsh; Justin M. Lira; Cory Cui; Ping Song; Meibao Zhuang; Nicole L. Arnold; Gaofeng Lin; Kerrm Y. Yau; Sean M. Russell; Robert M. Cicchillo; Mark A. Peterson; David M. Simpson; Ning Zhou; Jayakumar Ponsamuel; Zhanyuan J. Zhang

Engineered glyphosate resistance is the most widely adopted genetically modified trait in agriculture, gaining widespread acceptance by providing a simple robust weed control system. However, extensive and sustained use of glyphosate as a sole weed control mechanism has led to field selection for glyphosate-resistant weeds and has induced significant population shifts to weeds with inherent tolerance to glyphosate. Additional weed control mechanisms that can complement glyphosate-resistant crops are, therefore, urgently needed. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an effective low-cost, broad-spectrum herbicide that controls many of the weeds developing resistance to glyphosate. We investigated the substrate preferences of bacterial aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase enzymes (AADs) that can effectively degrade 2,4-D and have found that some members of this class can act on other widely used herbicides in addition to their activity on 2,4-D. AAD-1 cleaves the aryloxyphenoxypropionate family of grass-active herbicides, and AAD-12 acts on pyridyloxyacetate auxin herbicides such as triclopyr and fluroxypyr. Maize plants transformed with an AAD-1 gene showed robust crop resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over four generations and were also not injured by 2,4-D applications at any growth stage. Arabidopsis plants expressing AAD-12 were resistant to 2,4-D as well as triclopyr and fluroxypyr, and transgenic soybean plants expressing AAD-12 maintained field resistance to 2,4-D over five generations. These results show that single AAD transgenes can provide simultaneous resistance to a broad repertoire of agronomically important classes of herbicides, including 2,4-D, with utility in both monocot and dicot crops. These transgenes can help preserve the productivity and environmental benefits of herbicide-resistant crops.


Applied and Environmental Microbiology | 2013

Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Bh1 against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests.

Justin M. Lira; Jeff Beringer; Stephanie L. Burton; Samantha Griffin; Joel J. Sheets; Sek Yee Tan; Aaron T. Woosley; Sarah E. Worden; Kenneth E. Narva

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis is an important source of insect resistance traits in commercial crops. In an effort to prolong B. thuringiensis trait durability, insect resistance management programs often include combinations of insecticidal proteins that are not cross resistant or have demonstrable differences in their site of action as a means to mitigate the development of resistant insect populations. In this report, we describe the activity spectrum of a novel B. thuringiensis Cry protein, Cry1Bh1, against several lepidopteran pests, including laboratory-selected B. thuringiensis-resistant strains of Ostrinia nubilalis and Heliothis virescens and progeny of field-evolved B. thuringiensis-resistant strains of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda. Cry1Bh1 is active against susceptible and B. thuringiensis-resistant colonies of O. nubilalis, P. xylostella, and H. virescens in laboratory diet-based assays, implying a lack of cross-resistance in these insects. However, Cry1Bh1 is not active against susceptible or Cry1F-resistant S. frugiperda. Further, Cry1Bh1 does not compete with Cry1Fa or Cry1Ab for O. nubilalis midgut brush border membrane binding sites. Cry1Bh1-expressing corn, while not completely resistant to insect damage, provided significantly better leaf protection against Cry1Fa-resistant O. nubilalis than did Cry1Fa-expressing hybrid corn. The lack of cross-resistance with Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa along with independent membrane binding sites in O. nubilalis makes Cry1Bh1 a candidate to further optimize for in-plant resistance to this pest.


Archive | 2005

Novel Herbicide Resistance Genes

Terry R. Wright; Justin M. Lira; Donald J. Merlo; Nicole L. Arnold


Archive | 2005

Herbicide resistance genes

Terry R. Wright; Justin M. Lira; Donald J. Merlo; Nicole L. Arnold


Archive | 2010

DIG-13 insecticidal cry toxins

Justin M. Lira; Holly Jean Butler; Doug Smith; Kenneth E. Narva; Aaron T. Woosley


Archive | 2007

Novel selectable marker genes

Justin M. Lira; Terry R. Wright; Sean M. Russell; Donald J. Merlo; Steven R. Webb; Nicole L. Arnold; Andrew E. Robinson; Kelley A. Smith


Archive | 2009

Constructs for expressing herbicide tolerance genes, related plants, and related trait combinations

Justin M. Lira; Terry R. Wright; Timothy D. Hey; Tonya Strange Moynahan; Lisa W. Baker


Archive | 2013

Chloroplast transit peptide

Justin M. Lira; Robert M. Cicchillo; Carla N. Yerkes; Andrew E. Robinson


Archive | 2013

Glyphosate resistant plants and associated methods

Justin M. Lira; Robert M. Cicchillo; Carla N. Yerkes; Andrew E. Robinson


Archive | 2013

Novel class of glyphosate resistance genes

Justin M. Lira; Robert M. Cicchillo; Satish K. Nair

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Robert M. Cicchillo

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

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