Justin Paul

The Emergence of China and India in the Global Market

ABSTRACT Over the past 20 years, China and India have emerged as the fastest growing economies in the world. In this context, the authors review, examine, and list the factors that have contributed to the emergence of China and India (referred to as Chindia). The authors compare the antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of their emergence in the global market. This article provides insights for the researchers and multinational enterprises from rest of the world to carry out studies on country analysis as well as foreign market entry modes. Besides, we posit theoretical and testable propositions for future research.

Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in private and public sector banks

Purpose – In today’s world, with increased competition, service quality has become one of the most popular areas of academic investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of various service quality variables on the overall satisfaction of customers and compare the private and public sector banks using a sample from India. Design/methodology/approach – With the help of forward stepwise regression, the authors explain how a variety of variables are both negatively and positively influencing customer satisfaction. The authors collected data from 500 respondents in India; 250 of which were customers of private sector banks, and 250 of which were customers of public sector banks. The authors had a response rate of 65 percent. Findings – In the case of private sector banks, knowledge of products, response to need, solving questions, fast service, quick connection to the right person, and efforts to reduce queuing time were found to be the factors that are positively associated with overall s...

A review of research on outward foreign direct investment from emerging countries, including China: What do we know, how do we know and where should we be heading?

Abstract Using the Antecedents, Decisions and Outcomes (ADO) format as an organizing framework, this article gives an overview of the literature on different dimensions and characteristics of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by firms from emerging countries. Based on an extensive coverage of studies published over a period of nearly 25 years between 1993 and 2017, we review extant research on this phenomenon from mainly China, as well as other emerging countries. We identify advances and analytical areas of OFDI research and pinpoint the key theories, methodologies, observed characteristics and the variables that have been examined in this growing research literature. Many areas of the above research themes remain underexplored, despite recent significant advancements, and may provide directions for future research.

Does the WTO Increase Trade and Cause Convergence

China and India implemented the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, removing restrictions with the intent to increase international trade and foreign investment. This article aims to examine whether this objective was achieved by analyzing trends in exports and imports, and determining Granger Causality among FDI, exports, and imports during the pre- and post-WTO periods. Our results show that India’s imports have more than doubled throughout the post-WTO period, indicating substantial WTO effectiveness in India, while the WTO’s effect in China is mixed and not that significant. Further, four theoretical propositions have been posited to encourage further research.

DOING BUSINESS IN EMERGING MARKETS, 2nd ed.

The growth in emerging economies during the last two decades is remarkable compared to the growth in developed countries. Emerging markets have grown twice as fast as developed markets. Despite the opportunities arising out of globalization,most companies do not expand internationally. Knowledge about emerging markets has become indispensable in order to take advantage of global opportunities. Cavusgil, Ghauri, and Akcal provide a thorough coverage of the challenges and opportunities facing businesses in emerging markets in their book, titled Doing Business in Emerging Markets. This work is one of the most comprehensive and in-depth treatments available of the complex human and cultural dynamics when engaging in international business. This book is a must-read reference for seasoned and future managers interested in doing business in emerging markets, particularly in Asian countries. The book is very rich in terms of information and content about doing business in emerging countries and how to succeed. It provides information about negotiations and building relationships in emerging markets. It also discusses the characteristics and descriptions of emerging market firms, which are very different from Western and European counterparts. The book would be useful for both university study abroad programs and autonomous institutes. It is also a useful desk reference for researchers and executives in the field of international business and entrepreneurs who want to venture into an international market. This book is an updated edition with a wide range of international case studies and examples from across Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. This edition also covers the fastest-growing emerging markets of China and India. For academics, it provides useful tools such as PowerPoint slides. For students, it provides online answers to chapter questions, along with additional readings per chapter. To develop an understanding about the subject, the authors take the reader through 10 chapters. At the end of each chapter, there are questions that help focus on the key points of each topic. Chapter 1 presents an overview of emerging markets, including their common features, characteristics, and the factors that affect international business. There is an insightful example in chapter 1 of how consulting firms MSCI and Grand Thornton (among others) recognize the importance of emerging markets. Similarly, this chapter provides information about doing business in countries such as Venezuela. Chapter 2 presents the political, legal, and cultural framework in emerging markets. This chapter discusses how to manage political and legal risks through examples. Chapter 3 presents the differences in economic environment and the challenges facing emerging market economies. Chapter 4 discusses the opportunities and trends in emerging markets. It covers information about the rise of the middle-income class, which presents different characteristics and changes in each market, the adaptation of business models, and business at the bottom of the pyramid. Chapter 5 reviews the characteristics of firms from emerging markets and how they internationalize. Chapter 6 presents an analysis of selected emerging markets starting from BRIC economies, and the new frontier economies of Latin America, Asia, and in other regions. Chapter 7 presents entry modes and strategies as well as the factors that influence the entry strategy. In this chapter, there are examples discussing the challenges that arise while doing business internationally, with suggestions of how to minimize those problems. Chapter 8 focuses on the negotiation process and strategies in international business. Chapter 9 presents the process of negotiations and how to build relationships in the emerging markets addressed in chapter 6. Chapter 10 concludes the book with a discussion of how to assess risks and opportunities in emerging markets. The strength of the book is its rich content and the boxes and mini case studies that are useful in different country contexts. However, the book has some shortcomings. For example, this book does not include the recent political developments in emerging countries such as Turkey. Similarly, it does not address recent deglobalization discussion happening in countries such

The Rise of China: What, When, Where, and Why?

ABSTRACT China has emerged as the fastest-growing economy in the world. In this context, I discuss the antecedents, characteristics, and consequence of China’s rise in the world economy with reference to the “four W” framework (What, When, Where, and Why). This article provides insights into the role of exports and FDI in China’s rise. Theoretical as well as real-life factors contributing to this success are also listed. Comparative analysis with other emerging countries, such as India, is provided. In addition, directions for future research are outlined.

Masstige marketing redefined and mapped

Purpose – “Masstige marketing” is considered as a market penetration strategy for medium and large enterprises, particularly in foreign markets. The author redefine “masstige marketing” strategy in this paper and map the concept as a new model for brand building. Second, the author examine the effectiveness of “masstige marketing” strategy with reference to marketing mix theory (Four Ps=product, price, place and promotion). The purpose of this paper is to introduce a theoretical model to help the companies to implement “masstige marketing” strategy. Design/methodology/approach – The author introduce a scale, called “Masstige Mean Score Scale” to measure the mass prestige value of brands. Both secondary and primary data used in this study. The author collected data from 590 young women consumers living in Japan and France to measure the “masstige” value using the new scale developed. The marketing strategy of European luxury sector multinational brand LV, has also been discussed as a method. Findings – Mas...

Foreign Market Entry Mode Research: A Review and Research Agenda

ABSTRACT This article gives a retrospective look at the main determinants of foreign market entry modes and examines the variables and conditions used in empirical studies in this stream of research. We found that there is an “analytical context hazard” in past studies. The findings suggest: first, future research should focus on developing and extending theories with reference to strategy dimension and market/industry environment; second, the interrelationship between the main entry mode determinants should be figured out; third, attention has to be paid to the entry modes of firms from non-developed economies in research.

Comparing entrepreneurial communities: Theory and evidence from a cross-country study in Asia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare entrepreneurial attributes of MBA students, the next generation business people, from two important Asian countries, India from South Asia and Japan from East Asia (India, being an emerging country and Japan, a developed country). Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses from MBA students in India and Japan were measured on an entrepreneurial personality index. Bateman and Crant’s scale consisting of 17 traits is used to identify if entrepreneurial traits are a learned cultural behaviour or intrinsic personality factors. Findings – Although the findings indicate that India has benefitted from entrepreneurship in the information technology and information technology-enabled service ventures during the past two decades, the country still has a long way to go when compared to developed countries like Japan, where entrepreneurship is widespread. Research limitations/implications – The results are based on a single survey, using cross-sectional data. Orig...

Enhancing customer base and productivity through e-delivery channels - study of banks in India

The process of globalisation has affected each and every aspect of life where technology has become the predecessor of this dynamic change. There is certainly a high level of importance attached to technology. In the new millennium with the rapidly changing economic scene owing to emergence of e-commerce facilitated by the growth and expansion of internet and information technology, banking scenario and financial activity everywhere is changing rapidly. The main objective of the present study is to analyse the impact of technology on bank customers using e-delivery channels. This paper takes into account all the technological initiatives by banks as part of their channel diversification strategy. Further, we describe the extent to which these developments have taken place in the banking industry with special reference to India. The results show that public sector banks have the least average increase of customers as compared to other bank groups. The employee, branch and total productivity index has shown an increase in all bank groups, but on the other hand financial productivity index has shown a decline in new private sector bank groups. On the basis of analysis, an effort has been made to foresee the future of e-delivery channels in banks.