K. Annamalai

Pooled effect of injection pressure and turbulence inducer piston on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine powered with biodiesel blend

In this study, the effect of injection pressure on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine powered with turbulence inducer piston was studied. Engine tests were executed using conventional diesel and 20% blend of adelfa biodiesel [A20]. The results acquired from renewable fuel A20 in the conventional engine showed reduction in brake thermal efficiency being the result of poor air fuel mixing characteristics and the higher viscosity of the tested fuel. This prompted further research aiming at the improvement of turbulence for better air fuel mixing by a novel turbulence inducer piston [TIP]. The investigation was carried out to study the combined effect of injection pressure and turbulence inducer piston. Considerable improvement in the emission characteristics like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke was acheived as a result of optimised injection pressure. Nevertheless, the nitrogen oxide emissions were slightly higher than those of the conventional unmodified engine. The engine with turbulence inducer piston shows the scope for reducing the major pollution and thus ensures environmental safety.

Effect of hydrogen on ethanol–biodiesel blend on performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine

Environment issue is a principle driving force which has led to a considerable effort to develop and introduce alternative fuels for transportation. India has large potential for production of biofuels like biodiesel from vegetable seeds. Use of biodiesel namely, tamanu methyl ester (TME) in unmodified diesel engines leads to low thermal Efficiency and high smoke emission. To encounter this problem hydrogen was inducted by a port fueled injection system. Hydrogen is considered to be low polluting fuel and is the most promising among alternative fuel. Its clean burning characteristic and better performance attract more interest compared to other fuels. It was more active in reducing smoke emission in biodiesel. A main drawback with hydrogen fuel is the increased NOx emission. To reduce NOx emission, TME-ethanol blends were used in various proportions. After a keen study, it was observed that ethanol can be blended with biodiesel up to 30% in unmodified diesel engine. The present work deals with the experimental study of performance and emission characteristic of the DI diesel engine using hydrogen and TME-ethanol blends. Hydrogen and TME-ethanol blend was used to improve the brake thermal efficiency and reduction in CO, NOx and smoke emissions.

Experimental investigation on D.I. diesel engine fuelled by ethanol diesel blend with varying inlet air temperature

Ethanol is a bio-based renewable and oxygenated fuel, thereby providing potential to reduce the PM emission in diesel engine and to provide reduction in life cycle of carbon di-oxide. So that reduces ozone layer depletion. There are several studies which reports improvement in the engine performance and emission by using ethanol blend fuels. Many researches going on in the area of ethanol as alternate fuel, the commercialization of this fuel is not achieved in the Indian automobile scenario. It is mainly because of installation of refilling stations and the problems encountered in the engine while ethanol is used as a fuel. The problem such as starting trouble, cold starting problem, Aldehyde emission coming out from the engine and the stringent norms followed by the government for the use of ethanol. The main objective of this project is to study the performance, and to control the emissions of the diesel engine using blended fuel by preheating the inlet air. The present work has been carried out using single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine. In this phase, experiment investigations are conducted using five sets of blended fuels i.e 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% Ethanol — Diesel blend have been prepared and preheating the inlet air to 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC. The performance and emission characteristics are studied and compared with the base fuel.

Control of emission characteristics by using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in D.I. diesel engine

Emission control is one of the biggest challenge in todays automotive industry. Emission control can be achieved either by controlling combustion or by treating the exhaust gas. The latter is comparatively easier since there is less or no need to modify the engine itself. One such after treatment method is the use of catalytic converter. But, the 3-way converter is expensive due to use of both platinum and palladium/rhodium. One of the alternative is the use of selective catalytic reduction, i.e., reduction of a particular mission based on the type of the engine used. For example, the major emissions in case of CI engines are NOX and PM. This project aims at reduction of NOX using SCR and its optimization. This project presents a modelling approach to the design optimization of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The present study is concerned with ammonia slip and conversion efficiency of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are two major issues of SCR technologies. The physical processes including urea spray atomization, droplet evaporation, urea decomposition and turbulent mixing are accounted for in the modelling method. In addition, the velocity distribution and pressure drop in the SCR converter are analyzed with the consideration of flow resistances of the catalyst substrates and perforated plates.

Performance Improvement on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Powered with Pongamia Biodiesel by Incorporating Swirling Grooves

The motive of the experimentation is to improve the combustion of the direct injection diesel engine powered with biodiesel blend. Initial experimentation was made with the diesel in a conventional unmodified diesel engine. By careful literature survey and technical reviews 20% blend of Pongamia biodiesel with 80% of diesel (B20) had been taken as a test fuel. The swirl motion inside combustion chamber is increased by means of providing the swirling grooves over the piston crown with constant depth 2 mm and variable width of 5.5mm, 6.5 mm and 7.5 mm, unless the previous work done by researches the care has been taken to maintain the compression ratio of the engine. Among the various configurations, the swirling grooves of depth 2mm and width 6.5 mm showed the increase in brake thermal efficiency up to 11 % and decreasing trends in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke emissions. Thus the findings of the present work showed the increase in performance and reduction in the emission of the direct injection diesel engine fuelled with Pongamia biodiesel blend.

Experimental investigation on a low heat rejection engine

In a normal diesel engine, about thirty percent of the total energy is rejected to the coolant. The low heat rejection concept is based on suppressing this heat rejection to the coolant and recovering the energy in the form of useful work. The purpose of this project is to increase the performance of the engine and improved the fuel economy resulting from coating those using partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) thermal barrier coating for the performance in the diesel engine application. PSZ over the combustion chamber increases the temperature over the inside the combustion chamber and reduces the heat rejection to the atmosphere. Also an experimental investigation performed using a thermally insulated single cylinder direct injection water cooled diesel engine to evaluate the effect of coating on the cylinder head, piston top surface and the valve seats using PSZ to study the heat release, performance and emission characteristics. Studies are conducted for the engine with insulated head and piston and are compared with the base line engine. Based on the experimental studies it is concluded that a thermally insulated engine reduces the fuel consumption, improves the fuel efficiency. Also the emissions of HC and CO are reduced to a great extent while the emissions of NOX are increased due to higher combustion temperature. Various method of reducing NOX emissions will be adopted. Such as retarding the fuel injection timing, lowering the intake temperature, lower compression ratio. Thus, the LHR engine was tested for two different injection timings at Crank angle before top dead centre (BTDC), with the same engine Speeds and load conditions. The results showed that the BSFC and NOx emissions were reduced respectively by retarding the Injection timing.

Performance characteristics and emission analysis of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on blends of diesel and waste cooking oil

Generally it is seen that vegetable oil cannot be used directly in a direct injection diesel engine for long period of time. Long-term endurance tests can show serious problems in injector coking, ring sticking, gum formation, and thickening of lubricating oil. These problems are correlated to the high viscosity and non volatility of vegetable oils, which cause inadequate fuel atomization and incomplete combustion. Fuel blending is one of the ways for reducing viscosity. This research work presents the results of an engine test on three fuel blends of waste cooking oil such as10%, 20%and 30% of waste cooking oil (WCO) - diesel blends. The performance characteristics and emission analysis of a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine, fueled with waste cooking in blends of 10%, 20% and 30% blends with diesel (on a mass basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel results. The suitability of waste cooking oil been established in this study. Experiment has been conducted at a fixed engine speed of 1800 rpm, and then it was gradually loaded. The experiments were conducted at five loads, namely 0 kg (no load), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg. For each load condition the engine was run for at least 5 min and at compression ratios of 17.5:1 and Injector Pressure of 210 bars. Results show that the basic engine performance such as power output and fuel consumption is comparable to diesel. When fueled with Waste cooking oil and its blends, Reduction of power-output was noted with the increased amount of Waste cooking oil in the blends and with reduced emissions such as HC and CO however of CO2, NOx and Smoke were increased.

Analytical investigations on heat transfer in a low heat rejection DI diesel engine

Diesel engines are increasingly becoming important because of their fuel economy and efficiency. Now-a-days, ceramic coating over the cylinder head, valves and the piston top surfaces are provided for thermal insulation. These thermal barrier coatings reduce the heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the cooling jackets and to the atmosphere. This paper presents the investigation of the temperature distribution over the cylinder head, valves and the piston resulting from coating those using Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) thermal barrier coatings. This analysis is based on the fact that coating thickness affects the heat transfer and temperature distribution in the cylinder head and piston. A 3-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS is performed to evaluate the temperature distributions over the cylinder head, inlet valve, exhaust valve and the piston. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that a coating of PSZ over the combustion chamber increases the temperature over the inside the combustion chamber and reduces the heat rejection to the atmosphere.

Analysis of chosen parameters of CI engine for Nerium oil — An alternative fuel

Biodiesel is renewable and environmental friendly alternative diesel fuel for diesel engine. It can be produced from food grade vegetable oils, inedible oil, animal fats and waste or used vegetable oils, by transesterification process. Transesterification is a chemical reaction in which vegetable oils and animal fats are reacted with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The products of reaction are fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerin, and were the fatty acid alkyl esters known as biodiesel. In this project esterified Nerium oil is used as an alternate fuel. A single cylinder stationary kirloskar engine is used to compare the performance and emission characteristics between pure diesel and Nerium blends. In this project selection of suitable nerium blend and selection of optimized injection timing for the blend is done. The Nerium oil blends are in percentage of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of Nerium oil to 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% & 0% of diesel. From this project it is concluded that among all nerium and diesel blends 20% of nerium and 80% of diesel blend at 30º BTDC gives better performance nearing the diesel. When comparing the emission characteristics HC, CO is reduced when compared to diesel, however NOx emission is slightly increased when compared to diesel. Hence Nerium blend can be used in existing diesel engines with minimum modification in the engine. It also describes the usage of non-edible oil to a greater extent.

Comparison of Performance and Emission Characteristic of Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia Biodiesel in a Di Diesel Engine

Random extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have leads to a reduction in petroleum reserves. As for as developing countries like India is connected the need to search for alternative fuels is most urgent as India is heavily dependent upon the import of petroleum to meet its demands for automotive and power sectors. This has inspired curiously in alternative sources for petroleum based fuels. An alternative fuel must be economically competitive and environmentally acceptable. India has great potential for production of biofuels like Biodiesel from vegetable seeds. In the quest to find an alternative to the existing diesel and petrol fuels various Biodiesel and alcohol has been tried and tested in the Internal Compression engine. In this direction, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesels and compare it with diesel. The Biodiesels considered are Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia were tested with four stroke diesel engine. A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads. Smoke and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) were slightly higher for Biodiesels. Biodiesels exposed similar combustion stages to diesel fuel. Therefore use of transesterified vegetable oils can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in term of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification.