K. Besoluk

Comparative Macroanatomic Investigations of the Venous Drainage of the Heart in Akkaraman Sheep and Angora Goats

This study was carried out to evaluate the origin, course and terminations of the cardiac veins in Akkaraman sheep and Angora goats. These vessels are the great cardiac, left marginal, middle cardiac, right cardiac and smallest cardiac veins. For this purpose, latex was injected into the jugular vein of eight adult healthy Akkaraman sheep and Angora goats. These veins were dissected. It has been shown that the middle cardiac vein and great cardiac veins coursed with the branches of the coronary arteries and that they were anastomosed with each other. The venous blood from the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac veins emptied into the right atria via the coronary sinus. The venous blood from the interventricular septum was conveyed to the middle cardiac vein and great cardiac veins.

Morphological studies on Meckel's diverticulum in geese (Anser anser domesticus).

This study was carried out to reveal the morphological features of Meckels diverticulum (MD) in geese. For this purpose, a total of 36 adult healthy geese of both sexes, 50–52 weeks of age, were used. The mean weight of MD in male was found to be significantly larger than that of female. It was located a little distal to the midpoint of the small intestine in both sexes. It had a lot of lymphoid tissues, the simple columnar epithelium and a small number of crypts, and was a lack of villi, and its muscularis mucosae was very thin. Results from this study are thought to throw light on future studies on MD and proper diagnosis of pathological disorders related to it, and to contribute considerably to the present anatomical knowledge on MD in geese.

Determination of sex-related differences based on 3D reconstruction of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) vertebral column from MDCT scans

This study was undertaken to obtain and analyse, on the basis of sex, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions obtained by a 3D computer program from two-dimensional (2D) vertebral column sections taken by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images, in the chinchilla. A total of 16 adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) of both sexes were used. The MDCT images were taken under general anaesthesia, and were then transferred to a personal computer on which 3D reconstructions were carried out using a 3D modelling program (Mimics 13.1). The volume, surface area and vertebral body length of each vertebra (except caudal region) forming the vertebral column were measured from the 3D models created. The ratios (in percentage) of the measurements of each vertebra (except the sacral ones) forming the vertebral column region (cervical part, thoracic part, lumbar part) were determined for statistical analysis. We detected significant differences (P < 0.05) between sexes in all vertebrae forming the vertebral column of the chinchilla with respect to volume, surface area and vertebral body length, except for C6 and L1. This study is the first to carry out 3D reconstructions of data obtained from CT images in the chinchilla and the obtained results contribute to a more detailed understanding of the anatomy of this species. Our strategy may also be useful for the design of experiments exploring the vertebral column in domestic mammals and humans.

The histological characteristics and localisation of ACP and ANAE positive lymphocytes in the oesophageal tonsil of the duck ( Anas platyrhynchos )

This study was carried out to examine histological and enzyme histochemical characteristics of the oesophageal tonsil in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Tissue samples were collected from distal parts of the mucosal folds at the oesophageal/proventricular junction. We applied alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase to tissue sections for localisation of T or B lymphocytes. Trichrome staining, silver impregnation, methyl green-pyronin staining and PAS reaction were used for determination of light microscopic structure of the oesophageal tonsils. The oesophageal tonsils were located at the junction of the oesophagus and proventriculus. Interestingly, we detected the existence of high endothelial venules in the interfollicular area and of the accumulated positive cells in lymphoid nodules. It can be said that these tonsils have functions similar to the Harderian gland in avian species and Waldeyers ring in mammalian species.