K. L. Ng

Using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma for imaging advanced disease

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 750 amino acid, type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been shown to be over-expressed in both prostate cancer cells and the vasculature of solid tumours.1 Also known as folate dehydrolase, glutamate carboxypeptidase II or N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I,2 PSMA has numerous metabolic roles and high levels of expression have been associated with tumour aggressiveness and malignant potential of prostate cancer cells...

A Rare Case of Solitary Kidney Metastasis following Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Laryngeal cancer is the 14th most common malignancy worldwide, and its common subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is highly associated with tobacco use and long-term alcohol consumption. The incidence of distant metastasis from a primary laryngeal cancer has been reported to be very low, between 6.5% and 8.5%, according to published tumour registry data. Distant metastases of laryngeal SCC most commonly involve the lung, liver, bone and mediastinum, seldom involving the kidney. Renal metastasis has been well established in many other cancers such as lymphoma, lung, breast and gastric carcinoma. This report discusses the rare case of a solitary renal metastasis following a primary laryngeal SCC.

Expression of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A1 (S100A1) Aids in the Differentiation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Versus Normal Kidney Tissue

Aim: To investigatenongenomic effects of aldosteroneon renal protein expressions of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 and 3 (NHE1and3), andproteinkinaseCbeta 1 and2 (PKCβ 1 and2) Introduction: Wehave previously demonstrated that aldosterone rapidly elevates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and increases extracellular signal-related kinase1and2(ERK1⁄2)inratkidney.ERK1⁄2inducedbyaldosterone activates NHE (1 and 3) in renal tubular cells. In vitro studies showed that aldosterone nongenomically stimulates PKCβ. PKCβ1alsomediatedstimulationofNHEactivity.Therearenoreports ofproteinexpressionsofNHE(1and3)andPKCβ (1and2) simultaneously in ratkidney regarding these circumstances. Methods: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline solution or aldosterone (150mg/kg BW). After 30minutes, abundances and localizations of NHE (1 and 3) and PKCβ (1 and 2) proteins were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: ByWestern blot analysis, aldosterone increased renal protein abundances of NHE1 andNHE3 to be 152%and 134%, respectively (P< 0.05). Aldosterone significantly enhanced protein abundances of PKCβ1 by 30%, whereas PKCβ2 protein trended to decline. Aldosterone increasedmore protein expressions of NHE1 and NHE3 in the medulla than cortex. Protein expression PKCβ1 was enhanced in the glomeruli, renal vasculatures and thin limb of Henles loop by aldosterone. However, PKCβ2 was declined in the medulla. Conclusion: This in vivo study is the first to demonstrate simultaneously that aldosterone rapidly elevates PKCβ1 and NHE (1 and 3) protein abundances in rat kidney. The stimulation of NHE protein expressions by aldosterone, per se, may occur through PKCβ1 activation. 002 KEY ROLE OFAPOPTOSIS INHIBITOR OF MACROPHAGE IN PHLOGOGENIC ACTION OF GLOMERULAR NEPHRITOGENIC IGA IN IGA NEPHROPATHY TAKAHATA A, KITADA K, NOGI C, ARAI S, MAKITA Y, SUZUKI H, NAKATA J, HORIKOSHI S, MIYAZAKI T, SUZUKI Y Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan

Indoxyl sulphate induces hypertrophy and impaired metabolic activity in cultured human proximal tubular cells

021 CELL BASED THERAPY IN COMBINATION WITH SERELAXIN IS CRITICAL FOR PRESERVATION OF VASCULAR INTEGRITY VIA PROMOTION OF ANGIOGENESIS AND ANASTOMOSIS B HUUSKES1, A PINTO2, C SAMUEL3, S RICARDO1 1Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria; 2Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria; 3Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria

Expression of immunohistochemical Caveolin-1 staining can aid in differentiation between Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and Renal Oncocytoma

Introduction: Ureteric stent placement is oft en associated with morbidity ranging from mild generalised discomfort to signifi cant storage urinary symptoms and loin pain. Our unit identifi ed a high rate of patients re-presenting with side eff ects aft er placement of a ureteric stent. Whilst most re-presentations for common side eff ects only require conservative management they can lead to potentially unnecessary emergency department (ED) consultations, additional investigations and out-of-hours admissions for symptomatic control. All these events result in potentially avoidable increased healthcare costs. Objectives: Prospective single institution audit to assess whether the provision of a written information pamphlet detailing common expected side-eff ects of ureteric stents at the time of discharge in newly stented patients would reduce the rate of re-presentation to hospital related to benign side eff ects and therefore reduce the costs associated with unnecessary emergency room attendances, investigations and occasional hospital admission. Methods: A local stent register was used to identify patients who had ureteric stents inserted 1 year preand post-introduction of the stent information pamphlet. Th e stent information pamphlet was introduced on 5th July 2013. A total of 194 patients had a ureteric stent(s) inserted from 5th July 2012 to 4th July 2013 (Group 1) and a total of 226 patients had a ureteric stent(s) inserted from 5th July 2013 to 5th July 2014 (Group 2). All patients who had ureteric stents inserted during this period were included in the audit, regardless of the initial indication for ureteric stent insertion. Results: Th ere was a 50/194 (25%) and 34/226 (15%) rate of re-presentations preand postimplementation of the stent information pamphlet respectively. Th is refl ected a clinically and statistically signifi cant 10% decrease in the percentage of re-presentations ( P = 0.006) with patients in the pre-implementation group also showing a 1.96 times increased likelihood of re-presenting to hospital (OR = 1.961, 96%CI: 1.206–3.189). Th ere was an average cost saving of

Molecular Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma - a Study Using Traf-1 and a Malaysian Patient Cohort

899 per ED re-presentation and an additional average cost saving of

Significance of NF kappa B isoform p65 as a biomarker for renal cancers in a cohort of Malaysian patients

1936 for each re-presentation resulting in an inpatient stay. Th e reduction in ED re-presentations also released an average of 5.2 h of ED consultation time per patient as well as 23 h of inpatient hospital bed space availability. Conclusions: Ureteric stent information pamphlets resulted in a 10% reduction in hospital re-presentation rates leading to substantial cost savings for the hospital and healthcare system and should therefore be routinely used.

MR Spectroscopy distinguishes histologically-diagnosed kidney tissue

Aim: Patency after percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) for haemodialysis fistula stenosis is highly variable. This study aimed to assess factors associated with patency following first episode of treatment with PTA. n nBackground: Restenosis recurs commonly after PTA. Previous studies have shown that some intrinsic fistula and biochemical factors may influence patency after PTA. n nMethods: We retrospectively reviewed all endovascular procedures performed by nephrologists between 2007 and 2012 at a single centre. Anatomical, clinical, biochemical and medication information was subjected to cox regression analysis to identify factors influencing post-intervention patency. n nResults: 120 patients were identified as having first episode treatment with PTA. During a median follow-up period of 22.66 months (5.24–53 months), 171 follow-up procedures were performed. Post-intervention primary patency rates at 6, 12 and 18 months were 46%, 25% and 15% respectively. Cumulative (functional) patency rates at 6, 12 and 18 months were 97%, 94 and 92% respectively with 1.4 additional procedures per patient. In univariate cox regression analysis, the presence of multiple lesions (p = 0.037) was associated with early restenosis at 6 months, while upper arm fistulae were associated with early restenosis (p = 0.004) and shorter primary patency (p = 0.001). Other anatomical characteristics (fistula age, lesion length, pre-procedure stenosis), clinical history (diabetes, coronary and peripheral artery disease), medications, and biochemical parameters (HbA1c, CRP, albumin and lipids) did not influence patency. n nConclusion: Multiple stenoses and upper arm fistulae may be associated with shorter patency after PTA. More large volume prospective studies are required to further assess factors associated with patency after PTA in haemodialysis fistulae, particularly the role of metabolic and inflammatory markers.