Kanematsu Sugiura

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Basophilia in Hepatic Cells Following Administration of Butter Yellow to Rats.

Summary aand Conclusions As with the reformation of Nissl substance in the motor neuron, the resynthesis of nucleic acid in thecytoplasm of the regenerating hepatic cell, injured by butter yellow, is accompanied, during certain phases of the reaction at least, by an enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase. The cellular distribution of the alteration is principally cytoplasmic in the nerve cell, with the optimum pH in the acid range, and nuclear in the hepatic cell, with the optimum pH in the alkaline range.

Effect of Feeding Dried Milk on Production of Liver Cancer by p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene.

Summary 1. The therapeutic action of dried whole milk upon liver cirrhosis and cancer has been investigated. The liver changes were induced in rats by feeding unpolished rice and p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. 2. The production of liver cancer in rats fed p-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene was partially inhibited by the daily ingestion of dried whole milk (50% protection at 200 days). 3. Liver cirrhosis produced by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene has been treated successfully by a rice diet containing 15% dried whole milk. (Based on previous evidence of the high incidence of liver cirrhosis in rats produced by p-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene-rice diet.11). 4. Once ade-nomatous hyperplasia of bile ducts, cholan-gioma, or hepatoma had been established in the livers, these benign and malignant tumors could not be destroyed by ingestion of the rice-milk diet.

Observations on rats fed with Yellow A.B.

Conclusion Under the condition of the above experiment, Yellow A. B. (1-phenyl-azo-2-naphthylamine) is not a carcinogenic substance.

Action of Enzymes on Causative Agent of the Chicken Sarcoma

Summary I. The causative agent of the Kous chicken sarcoma in the tumor fragments or in the cell-free tumor filtrate was inactivated by trypsin and pepsin, but was unaffected by the lipase, urease, or amylase preparations which were used as regards its capacity to produce tumor growth. 2. The causative agent was not destroyed if the proteolytic energy of trypsin and pepsin was abolished by heat inactivation. 3. Specificity of the proteolytic enzymes upon the causative agent of the chicken sarcoma suggests that the active agent is a protein or associated in sowe way with protein material.

Failure of Yellow O.B. to Produce Neoplasms

Conclusion Yellow O.B. (1-0-tolylazo-2-naphthylamine) is not a carcinogenic substance.

Effect of feeding wheat germ oil on production of liver cancer by butter-yellow.

Yoshida 1 experimentally produced liver cancer in rats by feeding o-aminoazotoluene, and Kinosita, 2 using dimethylaminoazobenzene, commercially known as butter-yellow, produced liver cancer in a much shorter time. In both cases, rice was used as the basal food for the animals. On the other hand, Fischer-Wasels 3 reported that rats receiving o-aminoazotoluene and bread developed only liver cirrhosis. Recently Kinosita 4 and Okada 5 showed that the production of liver cancer by dimethylaminoazobenzene is definitely reduced when wheat bread was used as basal diet instead of rice. Vassiliadis 6 found that rats receiving o-aminoazotoluene and a diet of wheat flour showed no tumor at the end of a year. Whereas, if the diet consisted solely of rice and dye substance, a large number of adeno-carcinoma of the liver appeared. The failure of o-aminoazotoluene to produce liver cancer in rats maintained on the diet of wheat was also shown by Ando. 7 These experiments demonstrate that a certain substance of wheat is antagonizing the carcinogenic action of dimethylaminoazobenzene or of o-aminoazotoluene in the body. The object of the present study is to find whether or not wheat germ oil has any inhibiting effect upon the production of liver cancer in rats induced by the oral administration of butter-yellow. It was shown in a recent communication 8 that the ether extracts of rice-bran and of brewers yeast contain a substance which is inhibitory to the development of liver cancer in rats by butter-yellow feeding. Experimental. In the present series of experiments two samples of wheat germ oil were used. One was prepared in the same manner as that of rice-bran oil, i. e., the wheat germ was continuously extracted in Soxhlet extractors with ether for 24 to 48 hours at 50°C. One thousand grams of wheat germ yielded about 70 cc of a yellowish brown oily emulsion.

Effect of Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) on Viability of Mouse Sarcoma and Rat Carcinoma

Summary 1. The proliferating capacity of the mouse sarcoma 180 and the Flexner-Jobling rat carcinoma was unaffected by heavy water (94% H220) when it contained salts of a Locke-Ringer solution in an isotonic amount. 2. The growth capacity of the tumors was equally markedly destroyed when subjected to hypotonic media for 24 hours, both in ordinary and heavy water. It was clearly shown 1 that the proliferating capacity of the mouse sarcoma 180 and the mouse melanoma was unaffected by heavy water (14.8 and 40% H2 2O) when it contained salts of Locke-Ringer solution in an isotonic amount. We here present the results of experiments to determine the influence of 94% heavy water on the growth of malignant neoplasms in rats and mice. This study was made possible through the courtesy of Dr. Urey of Columbia University who supplied us with the heavy water. The mouse sarcoma 180 and Flexner-Jobling rat carcinoma were selected for the present study. The behavior of these transplantable tumors in the hosts has been reported elsewhere. Into each of 2 weighing bottles were placed 2.5 cc. of Locke-Ringer solution which was evaporated to dryness over a covered water bath. One residue was then dissolved in 2.5 cc. of ordinary distilled water and the other in 2.5 cc. of 94% heavy water, thus making isotonic solutions. The solutions were buffered to pH 7.0 approximately by adding 0.088 cc. of 0.2 M KH2PO4 and 0.052 cc. of 0.2 M KOH. Small pieces of tumor tissues (each weighing about 6 mg.) were placed in these solutions and left for 24 hours at 4–5°C. At the end of this period of time, the tumor fragments were inoculated into mice. The results are presented in Figure 1. Each set of experiments included the inoculation of animals of about the same age with untreated tumor tissue immediately after removal from the tumor-bearing animal.

Comparative Specific Gravities of Normal and Tumor Tissues.

Summary 1. The specific gravity of tumor and normal tissues of mice and rats was determined by flotation in sodium chloride solutions of known concentrations. 2. The density of tumor tissue was always less than that of heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and muscle of the host. 3. Several human tumors were tested and exhibited the same property.

The two forms of glycine

The two forms of glycine, plates from water, and needles from alcohol and water, were studied. Emil Fischer 1 had shown that an acid chloride could be obtained from the latter, but not from the former. Further differences between the two forms were found on heating (decomposition temperatures), in the reaction with nitrous acid (van Slyke method for amino-nitrogen), and toward bromine.