Karina Dal Sasso Mendes

Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem

Evidence based practice is an approach that encourages the development and/or use of research results in clinical practice. Due to the quantity and complexity of information in health care, literature review methods need to be produced. Among such methods, we highlight the integrative review. Hence, this study aimed to present the general concepts and steps for the elaboration of an integrative review, as well as relevant aspects about the applicability of this method for health and nursing research. The integrative review is a research method that allows for the search, critical assessment, and synthesis of available evidence about the research theme. Its end product is the current stage of knowledge about the investigated theme, the implementation of effective interventions in health care and cost reduction, as well as the identification of gaps that indicate developments for future research.

Integrative literature review: a research method to incorporate evidence in health care and nursing

Evidence based practice is an approach that encourages the development and/or use of research results in clinical practice. Due to the quantity and complexity of information in health care, literature review methods need to be produced. Among such methods, we highlight the integrative review. Hence, this study aimed to present the general concepts and steps for the elaboration of an integrative review, as well as relevant aspects about the applicability of this method for health and nursing research. The integrative review is a research method that allows for the search, critical assessment, and synthesis of available evidence about the research theme. Its end product is the current stage of knowledge about the investigated theme, the implementation of effective interventions in health care and cost reduction, as well as the identification of gaps that indicate developments for future research.

Transplante de órgãos e tecidos: responsabilidades do enfermeiro

In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurses role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurses role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS: Organ transplantation. Nurses role. Nursing care.In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurses role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurses role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS: Organ transplantation. Nurses role. Nursing care.

Intervenção educativa para candidatos ao transplante de fígado

Objetivo: o estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento de candidatos sobre o processo de transplante de figado, antes e depois da implementacao de intervencao educativa. Metodos: trata-se de estudo com delineamento de pesquisa quase-experimental, do tipo grupo unico, antes e depois. A amostra final foi composta por 15 sujeitos. A coleta de dados da investigacao, cuja duracao foi de janeiro a marco de 2010, ocorreu em tres etapas, a saber: pre-teste, implementacao da intervencao educativa (dois encontros) e pos-teste. Resultados: os resultados evidenciaram ganho cognitivo significativo apos a intervencao, com melhora no desempenho dos participantes. Conclusoes: o estudo traz evidencias de que a implementacao de estrategia direcionada para educacao de paciente pode aumentar o conhecimento de candidatos sobre o processo de transplante de figado e, consequentemente, contribuir para o sucesso do tratamento.

Doação de órgãos e tecidos: relação com o corpo em nossa sociedade

This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates.Este estudo, de revisao bibliografica, objetivou tecer consideracoes teoricas sobre doacao de orgaos e tecidos e sua relacao com o corpo em nossa sociedade. O aumento da taxa de doacao depende de um olhar ampliado alem das questoes tecnicas do processo de doacao de orgaos e tecidos. Varios paises, com larga experiencia temporal e, que trabalham sistematicamente nesse processo, incorporaram a abordagem social e a perspectiva etica, baseadas no voluntarismo das familias e no respeito ao direito de autonomia dos potenciais doadores. O acompanhamento do corpo, pos-doacao, solicitado pelas familias, representa o inicio do luto pela morte de um parente, parte da pratica de ritual funebre cultuada em nossa sociedade. As acoes que asseguram uma sequencia etico-legal, definida na legislacao dos transplantes, pressupoem compromisso com a qualidade e seguranca do processo de doacao de orgaos e tecidos, que deve ser rigorosamente perseguida pelos profissionais que trabalham na area. Espera-se, assim, que essas atitudes construam uma cultura positiva sobre a doacao no pais, contribuindo, a longo prazo, para o aumento nas taxas de doacao.(AU) This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates.(AU) Se trata de un estudio de revision de literatura dirigida a elaborar consideraciones teoricas sobre la donacion de organos y tejidos y su relacion con el cuerpo en nuestra sociedad. El aumento de la tasa de donacion depende de una vision que va mas alla de las cuestiones tecnicas en el proceso de la donacion de organos y tejidos. Varios paises con gran tiempo de experiencia, trabajando sistematicamente en este proceso con un enfoque que incorpora el punto de vista social y etico, basado en voluntarios y respetando en las familias el derecho a la autonomia de los posibles donantes. El acompanamiento del cuerpo, despues de la donacion, generalmente solicitado por la familia, representa el comienzo del luto por la muerte de un pariente, lo que hace parte del rito funerario en la cultura de nuestra sociedad. Las acciones que aseguren una secuencia etica-legal definida por la legislacion de trasplantes, presuponen un compromiso con la calidad y seguridad del proceso de la donacion de organos y tejidos, que debe ser rigurosamente seguida por los profesionales que trabajan en esta area. Asi, se espera que esas actitudes puedan construir una cultura positiva en materia de donaciones, en el pais, contribuyendo en el largo plazo al aumento de las tasas de donacion.(AU)

Liver transplantation: evidence for nursing care

Evidence-based practice is the adopted theoretical and methodological framework and the integrative literature review was the research method used for this study. This study aimed to search and evaluate evidence available in literature about scientific knowledge on nursing care to adult patients submitted to liver transplantation during the perioperative period. Lilacs, Medline and Cinahl were used for the search, which resulted in a sample of 20 scientific papers. The results evidenced publications on nursing care to prepare the patient, prevent injuries, on the importance of a documentation system, prevention and early detection of complications, as well as education on immunosuppressive therapeutics, patient education and nursing activities in the pre, intra and postoperative periods, and the nurses’ role in providing nutritional and emotional support to patients and family members.

Organ and tissues donation: relation with the body in our society

This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates.Este estudo, de revisao bibliografica, objetivou tecer consideracoes teoricas sobre doacao de orgaos e tecidos e sua relacao com o corpo em nossa sociedade. O aumento da taxa de doacao depende de um olhar ampliado alem das questoes tecnicas do processo de doacao de orgaos e tecidos. Varios paises, com larga experiencia temporal e, que trabalham sistematicamente nesse processo, incorporaram a abordagem social e a perspectiva etica, baseadas no voluntarismo das familias e no respeito ao direito de autonomia dos potenciais doadores. O acompanhamento do corpo, pos-doacao, solicitado pelas familias, representa o inicio do luto pela morte de um parente, parte da pratica de ritual funebre cultuada em nossa sociedade. As acoes que asseguram uma sequencia etico-legal, definida na legislacao dos transplantes, pressupoem compromisso com a qualidade e seguranca do processo de doacao de orgaos e tecidos, que deve ser rigorosamente perseguida pelos profissionais que trabalham na area. Espera-se, assim, que essas atitudes construam uma cultura positiva sobre a doacao no pais, contribuindo, a longo prazo, para o aumento nas taxas de doacao.(AU) This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates.(AU) Se trata de un estudio de revision de literatura dirigida a elaborar consideraciones teoricas sobre la donacion de organos y tejidos y su relacion con el cuerpo en nuestra sociedad. El aumento de la tasa de donacion depende de una vision que va mas alla de las cuestiones tecnicas en el proceso de la donacion de organos y tejidos. Varios paises con gran tiempo de experiencia, trabajando sistematicamente en este proceso con un enfoque que incorpora el punto de vista social y etico, basado en voluntarios y respetando en las familias el derecho a la autonomia de los posibles donantes. El acompanamiento del cuerpo, despues de la donacion, generalmente solicitado por la familia, representa el comienzo del luto por la muerte de un pariente, lo que hace parte del rito funerario en la cultura de nuestra sociedad. Las acciones que aseguren una secuencia etica-legal definida por la legislacion de trasplantes, presuponen un compromiso con la calidad y seguridad del proceso de la donacion de organos y tejidos, que debe ser rigurosamente seguida por los profesionales que trabajan en esta area. Asi, se espera que esas actitudes puedan construir una cultura positiva en materia de donaciones, en el pais, contribuyendo en el largo plazo al aumento de las tasas de donacion.(AU)

Organ and tissue transplantation: responsibilities of nurses

In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurses role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurses role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS: Organ transplantation. Nurses role. Nursing care.In Brazil, more than 30,000 patients are awaiting organ transplantation. The complexity of this therapeutic treatment requires specialized training and constant involvement from health care providers involved in care for these patients. In everyday practice, nurses are challenged to provide high-quality care to patients and families. In view of the need to define the nurses role in the donation and transplantation process and the importance of disclosure in this field, we elaborated the present narrative review to discuss the role and responsibilities of the nurse working in an organ and tissue transplantation program. The literature found was read, summarized and organized into five thematic categories, namely: definition of the nurses role in transplantation, the difference between the nurse practitioner and coordinator, legal and ethical aspects; research and information on transplant nursing and education on transplantation. It is concluded that the nurse needs knowledge about the principles of good practices and have resources available to assess the merits, risks and social issues related to transplantation. DESCRIPTORS: Organ transplantation. Nurses role. Nursing care.

Caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica de candidatos a transplante de fígado

Objetivo Com o proposito de gerar evidencias que contribuam para a pratica clinica do enfermeiro na implementacao de intervencoes direcionadas para a melhoria do cuidado, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar dados sociodemograficos e clinicos de candidatos ao transplante de figado. Metodos Estudo transversal, prospectivo, conduzido em hospital terciario do interior paulista. No inicio da coleta de dados, 77 pacientes estavam registrados na lista de espera, entretanto o cadastro e dinâmico. Assim, o tipo de amostra foi de conveniencia com a participacao de 85 candidatos. Resultados A maioria da amostra era do sexo masculino, casada e cursou ate o ensino fundamental. O valor medio do Model for End-stage Liver Disease foi de 15,75 pontos, 70,60% dos candidatos estavam acima do peso, sendo a causa viral a principal etiologia da doenca hepatica cronica. As principais manifestacoes clinicas apresentadas pelos participantes foram varizes esofagicas, fadiga e ginecomastia nos homens. Conclusao O conhecimento das caracteristicas de candidatos a transplante de figado podera subsidiar o direcionamento de acoes de enfermagem com vistas a adocao de condutas individualizadas possibilitando a melhoria da atencao a saude.

[Information needs of liver transplant candidates: the first step of the teaching-learning process].

A necessidade de informacao e definida como a deficiencia de informacao ou habilidade relacionada a um dominio de vida relevante para o paciente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as necessidades de informacao de candidatos em fila de espera para o transplante de figado. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, conduzido em centro transplantador brasileiro do interior paulista. A amostra foi constituida de 55 pacientes, e a coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de marco a junho de 2009. Os resultados evidenciaram que as necessidades de informacao do periodo pre-operatorio foram as que obtiveram pontuacoes medias maiores. O conhecimento de informacoes que o candidato ao transplante de figado precisa e relevante para o planejamento do processo ensino-aprendizagem.