Karl R. Amundson

12.3: Flexible, Active-Matrix Display Constructed Using a Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Material and an Organic-Semiconductor-Based Backplane

We report on the fabrication of a prototypical flexible, active-matrix display incorporating a microencapsulated electrophoretic material and an active matrix backplane constructed with an organic semiconductor using all low temperature processes. This prototype has attributes desirable for an electronic paper display: flexibility, an ink-on-paper appearance, and low-power consumption.

20.2: Drive Waveforms for Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays

Microencapsulated electrophoretic (MEP) displays are promising candidates for smart handheld applications, where ease of reading and ultra-low power consumption are of primary importance. A thorough study of the electro-optic response characteristics of MEP systems has led to the development of a variety of novel drive waveforms that can be used to generate 1- bit, multi-bit grayscale and full-color images on MEP displays.

13.2: Development of Active Matrix Electronic Ink Displays for Handheld Devices

Interest in the use of electrophoretic displays for smart handheld applications has grown tremendously over the past few years. Since the launch of the Philips and E Ink joint development effort in February 2001, material parameters, TFT backplane, electronic hard- and software and modulisation skills have been developed to make this promising display concept into a real product and to build working commercial prototypes.

A scalable manufacturing process for flexible active-matrix e-paper displays

— A scalable manufacturing process for fabricating active-matrix backplanes on low-cost flexible substrates, a key enabler for electronic-paper displays, is presented. This process is based on solution processing, ink-jet printing, and laser patterning. A multilayer architecture is employed to enable high aperture ratio and array performance. These backplanes were combined with E Ink electrophoretic media to create high-performance displays that have high contrast, are bistable, and can be flexed repeatedly to a radius of curvature of 5 mm.

7.4: A Flexible Plastic SVGA e‐Paper Display

We have developed a scalable manufacturing process for active matrix displays compatible with low temperature plastic substrates and have applied this technology to the fabrication of flexible SVGA display backplanes. We combined these backplanes with E Ink® Imaging Film to produce 100 PPI SVGA (800×600 pixel) displays exhibiting grey scale and with a high aperture ratio. Power consumption is zero in between image changes. Flexible high information content e-paper displays will change the way in which information is conveyed by enabling lightweight, robust e-reader devices.

High-quality images on electrophoretic displays

— High-resolution micro-encapsulated active-matrix electrophoretic displays showing 2-bit gray-tone images and text with high contrast and high reflectance are commercially available. Methods of realizing high-quality images on these displays will be covered in this paper.

68.1: Invited Paper: Achieving Graytone Images in a Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display

Microencapsulated electrophoretic imaging films have been developed for a variety of display applications. These films exhibit an “ink-on-paper” appearance owing to their strong, near lambertian light scattering. Image persistence exhibited by these films allows displays to operate without power outside of image updates. This and their ready incorporation into flexible displays make microencapsulated imaging films attractive for portable devices where readability in a wide variety of lighting conditions, low power consumption, and mechanical robustness are important. This report reviews the basic principles of optical and electronic performance of E Inks microencapsulated electrophoretic films as well as recent advances in driving methods for achieving high-quality graytone images in highresolution, active-matrix displays.

Development of active‐matrix electronic‐ink displays for handheld devices

Interest in the use of electrophoretic displays for smart handheld applications has grown tremendously over the past few years. Since the launch of the Philips and E Ink joint development effort in February 2001, material parameters, TFT backplane, electronic hardware and software and modulization skills have been developed to make this promising display concept into a real product. The first commercial launch of active-matrix electronic-ink display modules is planned for mid 2004.

32.4: An Electronic Ink Low Latency Drawing Tablet

Using an electronic ink display and a touchpanel input device, a paper-like drawing tablet was created, closely mimicking the behaviour of normal paper. The tablet is initially intended to serve as an input-device for cartoon drawing and editing. However, its potential use goes far beyond that.

3.4: Flexible Active‐Matrix Displays

Plastic Logic has developed a process for organic TFT backplane deposition that is fully compatible with low glass transition temperature, inexpensive plastic substrates. We have combined backplanes made with this process with microencapsulated electrophoretic imaging films to make 50 and 100PPI displays that are flexible down to a radius of curvature of 5mm. This process is scalable and is being implemented in a pilot line for substrate sizes up to 350mm × 350mm.