Karyono Mintaroem

Strong renal expression of heat shock protein 70, high mobility group box 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitrotyrosine in mice model of severe malaria

INTRODUCTION Renal damage is a consequence of severe malaria, and is generally caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes in the renal microcirculation, which leads to obstruction, hypoxia, and ischemia. This triggers high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to send a danger signal through toll-like receptors 2 and 4. This signal up-regulates inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine to re-perfuse the tissue, and also increases heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. As no study has examined the involvement of intracellular secondary molecules in this setting, the present study compared the renal expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine between mice suffered from severe malaria and normal mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into an infected group (intraperitoneal injection of 10 6 P. berghei ANKA) and a non-infected group. Renal damage was evaluated using hematoxylin eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine. RESULTS Significant inter-group differences were observed in the renal expressions of HSP70, HMGB1, and iNOS (p=0.000, Mann-Whitney test), as well as nitrotyrosine (p=0.000, independent t test). The expressions of HSP70 and HMGB1 were strongly correlated (p=0.000, R=1.000). No correlations were observed between iNOS and HMGB, HMGB1 and nitrotyrosine, HSP70 and nitrotyrosine, or iNOS and nitrotyrosine. CONCLUSIONS It appears that HMGB1, HSP70, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine play roles in the renal damage that is observed in mice with severe malaria. Only HSP70 expression is strongly correlated with the expression of HMGB1.

Mid-face location of primary basal cell carcinoma related to cancer aggressivity

Abstract Objective To study the aggressiveness of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the mid-face location. Methods A total of 30 patients were diagnosed using specimen biopsy with hematoxylin-eosin stain at Moewardi Public Hospital in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The age, gender distribution, site of the lesion, as well as clinic-pathological appearance were analyzed. Results There were 30 patients consisting of 46.7% males and 53.3% females with ages ranging from 33 to 91 years old and with the most common occupation, such as farmers (53.6%) and housewives (26.7%). Morpheaform subtypes BCC were more frequent than other types. Based on the predilection, most of the BCC were found to be in the mid-face (76.7%) and using determined criteria of histopathological examination, the aggressive appearance was 77% and non-aggressive BCC was 23%. The BCC on the mid-face location was more aggressive than the other sites ( P Conclusions BCC is the most common skin tumor in humans with rare metastases, which might cause significant damage due to its local recurrences and aggressiveness. BCC on the mid-face is significantly more aggressive than that on the other predilection sites.

Haemozoin Deposits Influence Fetal Weight of Pregnant Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

Low birth weight is commonly attributed to malaria in pregnancy, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie this are incompletely understood. Many of hormones and cytokines are dysregulated in this case and it alters histological structure of placenta which known as placenta malaria. In the placenta malaria, there is an accumulation of infected erythrocytes, macrophages and malarial pigment (haemozoin). This study was conducted to compare the levels of plasma and placenta interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and haemozoin deposit in pregnant mice that infected by Plasmodium berghei (treatment group) to the normal pregnant mice (control group) and its association with fetal weight. This in vivo experimental laboratory study used pregnant Balb/c mice which divided to control and treatment group. Placentas were staining with Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) for haemozoin deposits examination. Plasma and placenta levels of IFN-γ examined with ELISA assay. Levels of IFN-γ were higher in plasma than placenta and slightly higher in treatment group than control group, but the differences were not significant (p>0,05). Fetal weight of treatment group was lower than those of control group (p=0,002) however there was no correlation between fetal weight and plasma as well as placenta levels of IFN-γ (p>0,05). Haemozoin deposit was found only in treatment group and influenced weight of fetuses (Spearman=-0,633, p=0,006). Weights of fetuses are more interfered by haemozoin deposit and seemly not by plasma and placenta levels of IFN-γ during malaria infection.Keywords: Fetal weight, gamma interferon, haemozoin, malaria, placenta