Kathleen Freson

Fysiologie van de hemostase

Abstract SummaryThe physiological haemostasis comprises a balance between the formation and the breakdown of a clot at the right time and the right location. The essential parts of this process are formed by enough and well functioning platelets, that will upon activation close the rupture in de vessel wall. Furthermore, the coagulation process is initiated with the formation of a fibrin clot, a process that is controlled by the endogenous anticoagulation. Finally, the fibrinolysis breaks down this clot. All these processes and their interaction are described in this paper.SamenvattingDe fysiologie van de hemostase omvat een precair evenwicht waarbij een stolsel op het juiste moment en op de juiste plaats moeten worden gevormd en afgebroken. De essentiële onderdelen van dit proces worden gevormd door voldoende en goed functionerende bloedplaatjes die aanvankelijk het gat in de bloedvatwand dichten. Daar bovenop wordt de stolling geïnitieerd met de vorming van een fibrinestolsel en dit proces wordt gecontroleerd door de endogene antistolling. Dit stolsel wordt vervolgens afgebroken door de fibrinolyse. De verschillende processen en hun interactie worden in dit artikel beschreven.

Platelet Proteomics and its Applications to Study Platelet-Related Disorders

Proteomics is a rapidly evolving research approach in parallel with genomics, utilizing advanced technologies in protein separation, identification, quantification, and bioinformatics. We have reviewed the different proteomic techniques that have been used successfully to analyze platelets in humans over time. Using more advanced technologies, an increasing number of platelet proteins have been identified and this by investigating the resting platelet proteome and that of activated platelets using diverse agonists. It is also possible to analyze platelet subproteomes including that of granules, microparticles, and membrane proteins. Furthermore, experiments can be designed that specifically study changes in the phosphorylation, glycosylation, or palmitoylation profiles of platelet proteins. These studies have generated extensive protein databases of >5000 proteins for platelets under normal physiological conditions that are also useful to study disease. Examples of proteomic studies that were designed to study platelet-related bleeding disorders and cardiovascular diseases, but also other complex disorders where platelets can be used as a model cell, are discussed.