Katrina Bell McDonald

BLACK ACTIVIST MOTHERING: A Historical Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class

The prevalence of poor health among young disadvantaged Black mothers and their children has prompted a revival of maternal activism among Black middle-class urban women. A study of the California-based “Birthing Project,” founded in 1988, reveals that such activism is best understood as a modern-day version of Black activist mothering practiced by African American clubwomen from the time of slavery to the early 1940s. This article demonstrates the legacy of “normative empathy” as a significant motivator for middle-class maternal activism and as a basis for a middle-class critique of Black mothering among the disadvantaged.

(IN)VISIBILITY BLUES: THE PARADOX OF INSTITUTIONAL RACISM

In this article, we demonstrate how the taken-for-granted, inner-workings of culture can become implicated in the (in)visibility of minority members. We seek to illuminate ways in which institutions may unwittingly facilitate (in)visibility through their organizational habitus. We begin by providing further evidence of invisibility and visibility as real and commonly experienced psychosocial phenomena among minorities within predominantly white, institutional settings. In particular, we argue that a minoritys inconspicuousness can be simultaneously fused together with ones conspicuousness to form what we call racial/ethnic (in)visibility. This study employs focus-group data collected from a sample of administrators and faculty from elite K-12 independent (private) schools, an institution that admittedly has been slow to make cultural change in its racial/ethnic ideologies and practices.

Race, Gender, and Educational Advantage in the Inner City

Objective. In this study we examine race differences in the effect of childhood in an urban inner–city community on educational attainment in adulthood. Methods. We examine a cohort of African American and white individuals born in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the same hospital. Our analysis examines a set of individual, family, and community characteristics for the respondents at three time points in their life course, birth, childhood, and adulthood. Results. We find that black men and women are substantially more likely than their white counterparts to graduate from high school, and that black women are more likely than white men, black men, and white women to graduate from high school and college. Conclusions. We conclude that social policy to eradicate urban disadvantage must not shift its focus to the plight of poor whites to the neglect of African Americans. Rather, we urge that inner–city white children be “drawn out of the shadows” of social research and that the uniqueness of race, class, and gender intersections realized in the inner city be brought to bear.

A Qualitative Study of Black Married Couples’ Relationships With Their Extended Family Networks:

Historically extended family networks have been identified as contributing to the resiliency of Black families. However, little is known about how extended family networks impact the lives of Black married couples. What we do know largely stems from quantitative research. Using a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews, we examine extended family network relationships among 47 Black couples from the Contemporary Black Marriage Study who had been married for more than 5 years. Black married couples’ relationship with extended family networks affects the marriage through the following acts: (a) extended family living, (b) childcare, (c) advice and emotional support, and (d) interfamilial conflict. The four themes influenced Black marriages in various ways. This study has implications for social workers working with married couples.