Kazukuni Yamashita

Adrenal 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid secretion in response to cyanide anoxia

ZusammenfassungNebennierenvenenblut wurde an nicht narkotisierten und nicht gefesselten Hunden entnommen und der Gehalt an 17-Hydroxycorticosteroiden (17-OHCS) und Catechinaminen abgeschätzt. KCN wurde in Dosen von 1,0–4,0 mg pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht subcutan eingespritzt. Die Sekretionsgeschwindigkeit von 17-OHCS vor der Injektion betrug 0,02–0,26 μg pro Minute und Kilogramm Körpergewicht. Nach der Injektion war bei allen Dosierungen die Sekretionsgeschwindigkeit stark beschleunigt. Die höchsten Werte betrugen 0,60–1,55 μg pro Minute und Kilogramm. KCN in Dosen von 1,0–3,0 mg pro Kilogramm rief keine Hypersekretion des Nebennierenmarks, dagegen in der Dose von 4,0 mg pro Kilogramm eine ausgiebige Vergrößerung der Sekretionsgeschwindigkeit des Nebennierenmarks hervor. In den vorliegenden Experimenten finden wir demnach einen Hinweis darauf, daß der Sekretionsmechanismus von Nebennierenrinde gegen der Blausäurevergiftung empfindlicher als der von Nebennierenmark ist.SummaryAdrenal venous blood samples were collected from conscious dogs and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and catechol amines. Potassium cyanide was administered subcutaneously in doses of 1.0–4.0 mg/kg. The pre-injection secretion rates of 17-OHCS per gland were 0.02–0.26 μg/kg/min. In all the experiments, the 17-OHCS secretion rates increased after cyanide injection to maximal values of 0.60–1.55 μg/kg/min. After injection of 1.0–3.0 mg/kg cyanide, the adrenal medullary secretion rates remained unchanged. Dogs given 4.0 mg/kg cyanide had elevated adrenal medullary secretion rates when anoxic symptoms, such as convulsions, were manifested. The present findings suggest that adrenal cortical response is more sensitive than adrenal medullary response to cyanide anoxia.

Estrogen-progesterone antagonism on endometrial carbonic anhydrase activity.

There is ample evidence concerning estrogen-progesterone antagonism in the uterine endometrium. Much has been demonstrated by the histological test based on the proliferative changes in the uterus, the response being rated on the semiquantitative scale. However, little has been done to utilize enzyme determinations in the endometrium as an indicator of hormonal antagonism. Lutwak-Mann and Adams 1 have studied the effect of stilbestrol on development of progestational activity by the measurements of uterine carbonic anhydrase and progestational proliferation. They observed that in the enzymic test stilbestrol prevented progestational development, and noted that with few exceptions there was good agreement between the enzymic and histological test in evaluating the antagonism. More recently a work of Miyake and Pincus 2 , concerning the antiprogestational activities of estrogens, namely estradiol, estrone, estriol and stilbestrol, in Clauberg rabbits provided quantitative evidence of the antagonism by estimating carbonic anhydrase activity in the uterine endometrium. This was also associated extremely well with proliferative changes (ratio of glandular to total mucosal area). They suggested thereby the superiority of estimation of uterine carbonic anhydrase as a quantitative test for antiprogestational activity. The present investigation was made to as certair? whether the following estrogens are capable of affecting the enzymic response to progesterone in the uterine endometrium; estradiol? ethinyl es tradiol, hexes trol? es trone-3-methyl ether and estriol-3-methyl. ether. Material and Methods. Immature albino rabbits, approximately 1.5 kg in weight, were used. All of the animals were primed with once daily subcutaneous injections of 5 pg estradiol each for 6 days, according to the Clauberg method 3 . The animals were then injected subcutaneously with progesterone and/or test compounds, once daily for 5 days. The test compounds dissolved in sesame oil to graded concentration were used and injection volume was 0.2 cc per animal daily.

Effects of Exogenous Acetylcholine upon Adrenal 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid Secretion of Intact and Head X-Irradiated Dogs

Adrenocortical response to exogenous acetylcholine (Ach) was investigated, under anesthetized conditions, in intact, hypophysectomized and head X-irradiated dogs. Intravenous injection of Ach (1 mg/kg b.w.) to intact dogs resulted in marked increases in the secretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) by the adrenal gland. The maximum response was seen at 10 min after the injection and a return to preinjection levels tended to occur by 60 min. This effect was abolished completely by hypophysectomy. In dogs whose heads had been irradiated with 200 and 1,000 R of X-rays 1 day previously, a considerably lower response to Ach was found; 17-OHCS output at the time when the secretion had been maximum was 44--53% less than that in non-irradiated dogs.

Suppression of Progestational Uterine Mucosal Activity by Anthrarufin

The effect of anthraquinone sodium anthraquinone-beta-sulfonate anthrarufin anthrone alpha-naphthaquinone lecithin and tannic acid on progestational proliferation produced by progesterone in the rabbit uterus was investigated. Immature rabbits were primed with estradiol-17beta and received simultaneously 2-mg progesterone and 1 of the test compounds in logarithmically graded doses of .001-1000 mg/animal. 24 hours later the animals were sacrificed uteri were excised and the carbonic anhydrase activity of endometrium homogenates were analyzed. Oral anthrarufin inhibited the enzyme activation by progesterone. 1 mg the most effective dose caused a 50% inhibition to the action of 2-mg progesterone (p less than .01). When administered subcutaneously little or no inhibition was observed. These results revealed that of the compounds studied only anthrarfin antagonized the action of progesterone on the rabbit endometrium.

Der Einfluss des Eserins auf die adrenalinsekretionsfördernde Wirkung des Carbaminoylcholins

Bei den mit Evipan-natrium narkotisierten Hunden wurde das Neben-nierenvenenblut mit der Lumbalroutemethode entnommen. Die Bestimmung der Adrenalinmenge wurde mit Hilfe der kolorimetrischen Methode von Bloor and Bullen ausgefuhrt. Die intravenosen Injektionen des Carbarminoylcholins and des Acetylcholins in Dosen von 0, 3-0, 4mg. pro kg. Korpergewicht wurden vor und nach der Darreichung des Eserins (0, 3mg. pro kg.) angestellt. Die Verstarkung der adrenalinsekretionsfordernde Wirkung von Acetylcholin durch eine vorangehende Verabreichung von Eserin war in alien Fallen nachweisbar. Dagegen vermochten wir keine unverkennbare Verstarkung der Wirkung von Carbaminoylcholin durch Eserin zu konstatieren.