Ke Chung Kim

The aquatic drift patterns of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Larval (5th-final instar) drift patterns of five species of black flies (Prosimulium mixtum, Stegopterna mutata, Simulium tuberosum FG, S. vittatum IIIL-1, and S. vittatum IS-7) were analyzed. The diel drift patterns were not species-specific, but consistently exhibited a marked increase after sunset, preceded by a period of minimal drift. The drift minimum generally occurred during or shortly after the period of maximum water temperature. Larvae showed significantly more nocturnal than diurnal drift. Pupal drift was attributed to accidental detachment from the substrate. Adult drift was over 90% diurnal and usually composed primarily of teneral individuals. Upstream larval movements of the S. vittatum and S. tuberosum complexes were each less than 6.5% of the total upstream and downstream larval movements. The proportion of parasitized larvae of the S. vittatum and S. tuberosum complexes was generally higher in the benthos than in the drift.Based in part on data included in a thesis submitted by the senior author to The Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. degree.

Revision of Cornutrypeta Han & Wang, a new tephritid genus proposed for Oriental and Palaearctic species (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A new genus, Cornutrypeta Han & Wang, is proposed for nine Palaearctic and Oriental tephritid species with enlarged male frontal setae: C. gigantocornuta Han & Wang, sp. n., C. melanonotum (Brunetti), comb. n., C. nigrifemur Han & Wang, sp. n., C. nigritata (Wang), comb. n., C. omeishana Han & Wang, sp. n., C. spinifrons (Schroeder), comb. n., C. superciliata (Frey), comb. n., C. triceratops (Bezzi), comb. n., and C. yushunia Han & Wang, sp. n. All the previously recorded species are transferred from Vidalia Robineau-Desvoidy. A lectotype is designated for C. superciliata. Cornutrypeta is placed in the newly recognized Trypeta group of the tribe Trypetini. A key to the species, descriptions, illustrations, and a cladogram are presented. We also resurrect Stemonocera Rondani, which was considered a synonym of Vidalia.

Taxonomic review of Pseudina Malloch (Diptera: Tephritidae) with descriptions of two new species from China

Abstract The Old World tephritid genus, Pseudina Malloch, is redefined with the descriptions of two new species from China: P. duplicata Han & Wang, and P. eritima Han & Wang. The nomenclatural status of Pseudina is clarified and the nominal genus Vidalia Robineau-Desvoidy is treated as a nomen dubium, and removed from synonymy with Pseudina. An annotated check list of all the known Pseudina species, a key, and illustrations are provided, and the phylogenetic relationships discussed. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Vidalia spadix Chen and Vidalia pulla Wang is transferred to the genus Hoplandromyia Bezzi.

Systematics of Crumomyia Macquart and Alloborborus Duda (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)

ABSTRACT. The phylogenetic relationships of two sphaerocerid genera, Alloborborus Duda (1923) and Crumomyia Macquart (1835), are analysed, and their taxonomic status within the tribe Copromyzini (=Copromyza Fallén s.lat.) is clarified. Accepted here are a monotypic Alloborborus, which includes A.pallifrons (FalléAn) from northern and central Europe, and twenty‐six species of the Holarctic Crumomyia. Within Crumomyia, five species‐groups are recognized: pedestris group: pedestris (Meigen); annulus group: immensa (Spuler), maculipennis (Spuler), annulus (Walker), nipponica (Richards), pruinosa (Richards); notabilis group: glabifrons (Meigen), glacialis (Meigen), absoloni (Bezzi), notabilis (Collin), rohaceki sp.n., zuskai (Roháček); nitida group: nitida (Meigen); setitibialis group: setitibialis (Spuler), pilosa sp.n., nigra (Meigen), parentela (Séguy), deemingi (Hackman), pollinodorsata (Papp), subaptera (Malloch), gelida (Hackman), fimetaria (Meigen), roserii (Rondani); unplaced species: hentscheli (Duda), hungarica (Duda), promethei (Nartshuk). Apterina Macquart, Fungobia Lioy and Speomyia Bezzi are synonymized with Crumomyia, and the following nominal species are synonymized: tuxeni Collin with nigra, freyi Hackman with setitibialis, and annulipes Duda with annulus. C. pruinosa is considered distinct from annulus, and Copromyza subaptera is placed in Crumomyia. The identity of C.glacialis, the type species of Crumomyia, is clarified, and lectotypes are designated for five nominal species: rufoannulata Duda, annulipes, annulus, flavipennis Haliday and pallifrons. The cladistic relationships of the species of Crumomyia and Alloborborus are established and their phylogeny and biogeography are discussed. Keys to the species of Crumomyia and to the Holarctic genera of the Copromyzinae are provided.

Descriptions of two species of Pediculidae (Anoplura) from great apes (Primates, Pongidae)

The male of Pediculus schaeffi Fahrenholz, 1910 is redescribed and illustrated. The adult female of Pthirus gorillae Ewing is for the first time described and illustrated. The taxonomy of the family Pediculidae is in a chaotic state. At present descriptions and knowledge of all the known species of the Pediculidae are insufficient to indicate their taxonomic status, except for Pediculus humanus L. and Pthirus pubis (L.). Ferris (1951) recognized four species of Pediculus: P. humanus L., P. pseudohumanus Ewing, P. mjfbergi Ferris, and P. schaeffi Fahrenholz. All other species of Pediculus should be reexamined for their validity with additional information. The genus Pthirus contains two species, P. pubis (L.) and P. gorillae Ewing. As late as 1965 two invalid generic names Phthirius and Phthirus have commonly been used for the genus Pthirus Leach. A specific name Phthirus pubis has been used for the crab louse Pthirus pubis (L.) (Blickenstaff, 1965). Pthirus Leach (1815) is the first established name for the genus, and Phthirius Burmeister (1835) and Phthirus Leach (1817) are invalidly emended names. The generic name Pthirus was decided as an available name for this taxon by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Opinion 104, 1928) (Hemming, 1958). The other names Phthirius Burmeister and Phthirus Leach have been placed in the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology (Direction 63, 1957) and became unavailable (Hemming, 1958). The generic name Pthirus should only be used for this taxon. Through the efforts of U. S. mammalogists, Received for publication 13 May 1968. * Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minne-

Paratrypeta Han & Wang, a new genus of Tephritidae (Diptera) from China

Abstract A new tephritid genus, Paratrypeta, is recognized based on two species from China: P. flavoscutata Han & Wang, sp. nov., and P. appendiculata (Hendel), comb, nov., which was previously placed in Vidalia Robineau-Desvoidy. Their relationship is discussed, and descriptions are provided.

Assessing Collembola Biodiversity Under Human Influence at Three Gorges Area, China

ABSTRACT In this study we comprehensively assessed Collembola biodiversity at Three Gorges Area, one of most diverse habitat regions in China. In total, 3,796 Collembola specimens comprising 9 families, 45 genera, and 103 species (including 14 new species and new records in China) were collected from three primary sampling areas: one nature reserve and two rural and urban areas representing different degrees of human influence. Each sampling area was further divided into nine sampling sites associated with different habitats and altitudes. Analyses of biodiversity data showed that individual abundance was highest in the nature reserve followed by mildly human influenced areas, and then highly influenced areas, and species richness was lowest in highly influenced areas. Hence, we suggest Collembola biodiversity is systematically lost after urbanization. In the nature reserve, altitude significantly influenced both the species richness and individual abundance, whereas in rural and urban areas, both altitude and the human-altered environmental gradient were influential We also measured sampling efficiency and estimated potential species richness in these areas. This study serves as both a fundamental survey of Collembola biodiversity, as well as an assessment of human/environmental influence on the Collembola community, and can provide further insight into protecting the soil integrity of the Three Gorges Area.