Kenji Toyoda

Localization of the sensory neurons in the canine nodose ganglion sending fibers into the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

SummaryThe distinct localization of the sensory neurons in the canine nodose ganglion that send fibers into the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (the main sensory pathway from the larynx) was studied using horseradish peroxidase technique. The labeled cells were located mainly in the rostral one-third of the lateral side of the nodose ganglion. We conclude that the localization of these labeled cells does not reflect a difference in cellular role or function but is due to the course of the nerves fibers.

Distribution of the afferent neurons from the canine recurrent laryngeal nerve.

SummaryLocalization of the afferent neurons from the canine recurrent laryngeal nerve in the nodose ganglia (NG) and jugular ganglia was studied using the horse-radish peroxidase technique. Labeled cells were detected in the ipsilateral NG and presented no distinct pattern of distribution, but rather were scattered throughout the ganglion. No labeled cells were found in the contralateral NG or bilateral jugular ganglia. The size of labeled cells varied from 15 μm to 60 μm. Two to six labeled cells larger than 45 μm were detected in each dog. Most of the labeled cells (62%) had a diameter between 30 μm and 5 μm. The percentage of labeled cells with a diameter between 15 μm and 30 μm was 30% and between 45μm and 60μm was 8%. This difference in size of labeled cells in the NG may be related to functional differences among the receptors mediated.

Laryngeal Paralysis in Children

Yasuo Hisa 1), Kenji Toyoda 2 ), Nobuhisa Tadaki 3 ), Toshiyuki Uno 3 ) and Yasushi Murakami 3 ) Fourteen children were diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral laryngeal paralysis at the Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 1985 and 1991. The ratio of bilateral paralyses was high compared to adult cases. Most of the congenital paralyses were idiopathic, whereas the causes of all acquired paralyses were known. The congenital idiopathic paralyses generally recovered suggesting that birth trauma may be involved in these cases. Management of the respiration was important since stridor besides hoarseness was found even in many of the unilateral paralyses. Tracheostomy was necessary in 3 of 4 bilateral paralyses while endotracheal intubation was necessary in the other one as well as in 2 unilateral paralyses.

Early Seasonal Treatment of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis with Topical Glucocorticosteroids.

The effects of early seasonal administration of topical glucocorticosteroids for Japanese cedar pollinosis were examined. In a group that received the drug one week prior to the onset of the season, nasal symptoms were significantly suppressed in the early period of the season. When treatment was started at the onset of the season, the same effects were achieved but commenced one week later. In both groups, nasal congestion was greatly alleviated.

Statistical study of ear surgery from 1977 to 1989.

Surgery, primarily tympanoplasty, was performed on 1051 ears from April 1977 to March 1989. Two-thirds of the patients were aged 30 to 60. There was no sex difference in any age group. Chronic otitis media was observed in 45.2% and cholesteatomatous otitis media in 33.7%. Including the ears that needed reoperation or secondary operation, 931 ears (88.6%) were operated on for problems related to chronic otitis media; tympanoplasty was performed in 885 of them. In the ears with chronic otitis media, operation was type I in 60.8% and modified type III in 16.5%. In ears with cholesteatomatous otitis media, operation was type Tin 30.7% and modified type III in 30.4%.Hearing was good in 86.9% after type I operation, in 77.2% after modified type III operation, and in 45.3% after modified type IV operation. No difference was observed in the columellae used other than the cartilage and auditory ossicles. Recurrence was observed frequently in the ears followed for a long time after posterior walll preserving operations for cholesteatomatous otitis media.

Caloric response of patients treated with streptomycin sulfate. (3rd Report). Relationship between caloric response and symptoms.

The relationship between caloric responses and symptoms was examined. Caloric tests were performed in 61 patients treated with streptomycin sulfate (SM). The patients were divided into 3 groups ; group I (12 patients) in which caloric responses were reduced unilaterally or bilaterally, and there were inner ear, mainly vestibular, symptoms ; group II (16 patients) with reduced caloric responses and no symptoms. Group III (33 patients) with no symptoms and normal caloric responses. The average age of group I patients was higher than that of group II patients. The total dose and the duration of SM therapy was less in group I than in group II. The average of each dose of SM was similar in the three groups.The results suggest that the caloric response is useful as a monitor for the prevention of SM ototoxicity. Vestibular symptoms were often found in older patients treated with SM and also in those who had received small amounts of SM.

Long-term results of selective vidian neurectomy for allergic rhinitis.

Vidian neurectomy is the most effective treatment of allergic rhinitis with dominant symptoms of paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrea. Although these symptoms disappear dramatically after this operation, most patients usually suffer from prolonged xerophthalmia. Therefore, we devised a method which reduces allergic symptoms and does not cause dry eyes on the basis of studies reported by Takahashi (1973) and Nomura(1971).Using this procedure we operated on 55 patients who had allergic rhinitis with persistent symptoms in spite of conservative therapies including desensitization. The ages of the patients were between 15 and 47. The average period of post-operative observation was 2 years and 4 months.The maxillary antrum is opened as in the Caldwell-Luc method and the posterier wall removed. The periosteum of the pterygopalatine fossa is then peeled off andpressed laterally. The vidian canal is reached subperiosteally above the sphenomaxillary sur face of the sphenoid. In front of the canal, post-ganglionic fibers (post-nasalbranch) enter medially through the sphenopalatine foramen with the sphenopalatine artery. This branch is sectioned after electrocauterization subperiosteally. About 90percent patients were relieved of symptoms with no decrease of lacrimation. There were no serious complications.