Kenneth B. Stein

The Dimensionality Of The CPI Socialization Scale And An Empirically Derived Typology Among Delinquent And Nondelinquent Boys

The 64 items of the CPI So scale were cluster analyzed in a sample of 318 males into 3 main dimensions: C-1-Stable home and school adjustment versus waywardness and dissatisfaction with family; C-2-Optimism and trust in others versus dysphoria, distrust and alienation; C-3-Observation of convention versus asocial role and attitude. The initial sample was comprised of 84 school disciplinary problems (DP), 75 institutionalized delinquents (D), and 169 nondelinquent (ND) boys. A cross-validational sample included 121 ND versus 121 D boys. Each of the 3 clusters differen- tiated significantly between D and ND subsamples. From an inverse cluster analysis of the initial 318 boys over the 3 cluster dimensions, 11 types were generated. Four of these were diagnostic of delinquency, 6 of nondelinquency, and 1 pertained primarily to the intermediate criterion group of school disciplinary problems.

SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF UNCOOPERATIVE DIABETICS

12 “uncooperative” diabetic patients were interviewed and tested in the hospital, using a structured interview, behavior and attitude rating schedule, and the Rorschach. A general descriptive picture was derived, but subgroups also appeared, based upon the dynamics of the patient in relation to the illness. In one subgroup, the illness plays no meaningful role; in the second, the illness has been integrated into defensive patterns deliberately manipulated for personal satisfaction. Different treatment procedures are suggested.

Drug Use Among Disaffected High School Youth.

Drug use among disaffected students was studied in three different high schools—public urban, public suburban and private residential. The disaffected youths were volunteer participants in Project Community, a growth program for the more “turned off” adolescents. Results showed disaffected urbans and suburbans were greater drug users than their respective matched controls. No differences were found between groups in the residential school. The results also disclosed greater drug use in suburban and private residential schools than in the urban setting. These results were discussed.

Psychological and social variables and personality patterns of drug abusers.

The purpose of the research was to describe drug abusers in social and psychological terms and to discover empirical personality types among them. A random sample of 201 male voluntary admissions to a state hospital detoxification ward was studied using a structured interview and personality inventories. The six personality dimensions which served as the structural basis for a computerized derivation of patterns or types were (1) tension; (2) motoric; (3) ideational; (4) sensory expressive orientation; (5) socialization; and (6) vocabulary intelligence. Computer program OTYPE produced 10 types. Significant relationships between each of these types and a large number of social and psychological variables were found to far exceed chance expectations, and these served as definitional characteristics of the types. The findings have implications for further study, particularly in relation to therapeutic outcome.

DIMENSIONS OF THE ROTTER TRUST SCALE

A cluster analysis of scores on the Rotter Trust Scale from 70 high school students produced 3 dimensions: (1) Belief in the integrity of social role agents, (2) Belief in the trustworthiness of human motives, and (3) Belief in the dependability of people to do what they say they will do. The internal reliability and the relative independence of the clusters led to treating each as a separate scale. Correlations of the cluster scores with a number of other variables resulted in descriptions of the high scorers for each dimension. Implications for the meaning of trust and directions for further research were discussed.

MOTORIC AND IDEATIONAL DIMENSIONS: A STUDY OF PERSONALITY STYLES AMONG PRISON INMATES

Two preceding investigations in this series studied the ideational and motoric dimensions separately. The current study dealt with the motoric-ideational interactions and the four derived expressive styles. It was hypothesized that Ss more highly developed in both the ideational and motoric spheres (HIHM) should show the least emotional, social, and interpersonal disturbance of the four stylistic groups while those low in both (LILM) should show the greatest disturbance. Those high in ideational but low in motoric (HILM) should rank second to the HIHM stylistic group in social and interpersonal effectiveness while the low ideational, high motoric (LIHM) should be more effective than the LILM but less than both the HIHM and HILM styles. Ss for the quadrants were drawn from a total sample of 971 prison inmates. The instrument used for measurement and classification of the motoric-ideational styles was the MIAPS. The hypotheses for the most part were confirmed, the exception being that LIHM showed the poorest adaptiveness and effectiveness in a number of measures. Characteristics of these stylistic groups in relation to vocational preference and intellectual and academic achievement were also presented. These results were discussed in relation to theoretical formulations as well as empirical findings from other studies pertaining to the ideational and motoric dimensions.

CORRELATES OF THE IDEATIONAL PREFERENCE DIMENSION AMONG PRISON INMATES

The meaningfulness of ideational activity preference as a psychological dimension among newly admitted prison inmates was explored in relation to various psychological, social, and vocational interest variables. In addition to various correlations of the ideational variable with others for the total prison sample of 971 inmates, 255 who scored high (HI) and 341 inmates who scored low (LI) on ideazional preference as derived from the MIAPS were compared for mean differences. The HI inmates were relatively less disturbed emotionally, showed greater social and interpersonal adaptiveness, appeared more mature and intelligent, and showed greater interest in the more “cerebral” occupations. A larger proportion of HI than LI Ss had been incarcerated for homicide as their current offense. The implications of these findings conceptually and for future research were discussed.

Interpersonal Trust and Disaffected High School Youth.

The study consisted of two parts. First, a new scale of interpersonal trust for adolescents was constructed using a representative sample of 70 students from a community high school. Second, the hypothesis was tested that disaffected youth compared to the more conventional would show less interpersonal trust. Two matched groups of 57 students each were employed for the second part of the study. Results indicate that the new scale is a reliable and valid measure. Correlates of the scale disclose that trust is associated with interpersonal distance, certain developmental factors, and the quality of parent-adolescent relations. Results from the second part of the study tend to confirm the hypothesis in that greater trust scores were found among students with more conventional beliefs.

Motoric, ideational and sensory expressive styles: further validation of the Stein and Lenrow types.

The study sought to reproduce the Stein and Lenrow 8 expressive styles on a new sample and to extend their definitional characteristics through additional validity studies. Computer programs for empirical type derivation and prediction were used to analyze data from 24 college male and 24 female Ss (self-report, behavioral and experimental tests). Five styles were reproduced closely, 3 were divergent on 1 or 2 dimensional scores and were not studied. Results (based on small ns) generally confirmed and elaborated original five styles, tentatively characterized as Inhibited Type, He Man, Sensuous Female, Emotionally Distant Type, and Independent Sensory Type.