Keum-Seong Jang

Effects of compensatory growth on the expression of milk protein gene and biochemical changes of the mammary gland in Holstein cows

Abstract Twenty-four Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either a control or test group to investigate effects of an incremental growth pattern on the development and differentiation of the mammary gland, expression of milk protein gene, and improvement of productivity. The test group was fed the restriction diet (RD; 20% below that of the control group for all nutrients) for 3 months, followed by the compensatory diet (CD; 25% above that of the control group for all nutrients) for 2 months, then followed by 4-month RD, 2-month CD, 5-month RD, and finally 2-month CD. The heifers on the dietary test regimen gained more body weight and consumed less diet, resulting in improved growth rate efficiency, compared with heifers in the control group (8.3% vs. 7.8%). The amount of retained protein and secreted protein in mammary acinar cell culture was higher for heifers in the test group than for those in the control group (midpregnancy, 2.5 and 1.9 times; late pregnancy, 1.3 and 1.1 times, respectively). RNA dot blot hybridization analysis revealed that accumulation of αS1-casein and β-casein mRNA in mammary gland tissue from heifers in the test group was higher (αS1-casein, 1.37 times; β-casein, 1.74 times) than those from heifers in the control group. Total activity of RNA polymerases and activity of RNA polymerase III in mammary tissue were higher in heifers in the test group than in those in the control group. Heifers in the test group had lower cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations than did heifers in the control group during all periods. The incremental growth pattern decreased concentrations of 5′ methyldeoxycytidine (5 mdc) in the mammary gland. The incremental growth pattern offered not only a simple, practical, and cost-effective method for raising dairy heifers but also may have contributed to an increase in the differentiation and functional activity of the mammary gland.

Knowledge and Performance of Guidelines for Evaluation of New Fever in Critically Ill Adult Patients

본 연구는 중환자 첫 발열 평가 가이드라인에 대한 간호사의 지식과 수행 정도를 확인하고자 수행된 연구 이다. 대상자는 2개 병원 내·외과병동 및 중환자실에서 근무하는 총 145명의 간호사를 대상으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 19.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였고, 중환자 첫 발열 평가 가이드라인의 지식과 수행 의 평균 평점은 각각 0.70점과 3.08점이다. 가이드라인의 근거수준 1영역은 지식과 수행 상위군에서 하위군 보다 유의하게 높은 수행 점수를 나타냈고, 근거수준 3영역은 지식 상위군보다 지식 하위군이 더 높은 수행 점수를 나타냈다. 대상자의 가이드라인에 대한 지식과 수행은 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 중환자 첫 발열 평가 가이드라인에 대한 간호사의 지식과 수행력을 향상시키고 근거기반실무를 개 선시킬 필요가 있음을 제시하였다.