Khalid I. Kabel

Synthesis of Oil Spill Sorbents Based on Cellulose Derivatives

In this work, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was used to synthesize hydroxypropylcellulose acrylate (HPCA) macromonomer by esterification of HPC with acryloyl chloride in homogenous solution of DMF. Then the produced HPCA monomer was copolymerized with ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) in presence of two types of crosslinkers to produce oil gel. Several parameters were considered, namely, monomers feed ratio, type and concentration of the applied crosslinkers. The chemical structures of both HPC and HPCA were confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses. Also, the thermal properties of the crosslinked oil absorbents were investigated by using TGA. Furthermore, morphological propoeries of these crosslinked sorbers were studied through SEM and their swelling efficiency was thoroughly investigated in heavy and light oil.

Surface Active and Thermodynamic Properties in Relation to the Demulsification Efficiency for Some Ethoxylated Derivatives of Alkyldiamines and Polyalkylenepolyamines

In this work, nine monostearic esters of ethoxylated dialkyle-amine (group I) and ethoxylated polyalkylenepolyamine (group II) nonionic surfactants were prepared and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and nitrogen content. The 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB), 1,6 diamino hexane (DAH), 1,8-diamino-octane (DAO), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) were ethoxylated at 50, 100, 150 ethylene oxide units individually. The ethoxylated products of (group I) reacted with stearic acid to give the monostearate products. The surface tension of the prepared compounds were measured at 25°C and 60°C. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization and adsorption were also calculated. The surface active properties, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (πcmc), and minimum area per molecule at the aqueous solution-air interface (Amin), have been calculated. The surface active and thermodynamic properties of the prepared compounds were correlated to their chemical structure. It was found that CMC decreases when increasing the molecular weight of polyethylene oxide units. Furthermore, the data show that the synthesized surfactants favor adsorption than micellization, so that they can be used as demulsifiers for waxy crude oil emulsion (BSW 18%). In this respect, the demulsification test was carried out and the results of demulsification efficiency were correlated to the chemical composition of the investigated compounds. Some factors that affect the demulsification efficiency were also considered such HLB, concentration and time. The maximum demulsification efficiency (100%) was obtained by DAOE150-M and TEPAE150 at 60 and 45 minutes (300 ppm), respectively.

Influence of polyaniline/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites on alkyd coatings against the corrosion of carbon steel alloy

Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the investigated compounds. The synthesized composite is formulated as pigments in alkyd resin with different pigment-binder (P/B) ratios and investigated as anticorrosive coatings on carbon steel in 1 m HCl using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The protection mechanism of PANI occurred through the barrier and passivation effect on the carbon steel surface. The encapsulation and dispersion of MWCNTs into the PANI matrix promoted the anticorrosive efficiency of the alkyd coating.

Comparative impact of doping nano-conducting polymer with carbon and carbon oxide composites in alkyd binder as anti-corrosive coatings

Abstract This study concentrated on producing anticorrosive coating depending on alkyd resin blended with polyaniline-carbon allotropes composites as filler. Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites were produced by doping of PANI with the carbon allotropes (graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and carbon-oxide allotropes (graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxide) in different ratios through in situ chemical polymerization. The morphology of PANI and its composites were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), which proved that PANI composites appeared as a shell layer in core/shell structure with various overlay thickness depending on the adsorption type for polyaniline. The performance of the prepared coatings in cabinet salt agrees with electrical conductivity values where the best PANI/composite in conductivity value is the most efficient as an anti-corrosive coating.

Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of polymeric oil sorbent for remediation of hydrocarbons spillage

ABSTRACT The preparation and evaluation of polymeric oil sorbent based on styrene acrylate ester and ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) are the main target of this work. In this respect, poly styrene-co-p-chloromethyl styrene (PSCMS) was synthesized through radical copolymerization of p-CMS with styrene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide initiator. Then, the PSCMS was reacted with acrylic acid to produce macromonomer containing polymerizable C˭C poly {styrene-co-[4-(methyl acrylate) styrene]} (PSSMA) that subsequently copolymerized with EHA in the presence of a cross-linker to obtain the cross-linked copolymers PSSMA/EHA (organogel). The prepared compounds were characterized by using FTIR, 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. The thermal properties of the cross-linked oil absorbents were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, and the morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The oil absorbency of oil gel was determined through oil absorption tests; the highest oil absorbencies of oil gel were found to be 82.6, 74.4, 46.7, and 38.1 g/g in N,N-dimethyl formamide, CHCl3, toluene, and diesel, respectively. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT