Kjell Strandberg

Thromboxane A2: Effects of airway and vascular smooth muscle

Thromboxane A2, an unstable compound derived from prostaglandin G2, was generated by incubation of arachidonic acid with a suspension of human platelets. The activity of thromboxane A2 relative to that of prostaglandin H2 in causing contractions of a number of smooth muscle organs were as follows: rabbit aorta, 7-20; human umbilical artery, 9-60; and guinea pig trachea, 2-12. Intravenous injection of thromboxane A2 into anaesthetized quinea pigs was followed by a pronounced increase in the tracheal insufflation pressure, potency compared to prostaglandin H2, 31-45.

Prostaglandin endoperoxides IV. Effects on smooth muscle

Abstract The effect on smooth muscle of the endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2, which are intermediates in prostaglandin biosynthesis, was studied in different systems in vitro and in vivo . On gastrointestinal smooth muscle (gerbil colon, rat stomach) PGG2 and PGH2 produced contractions comparable to those of PGE2 and PGF2a whereas contractions elicited on vascular (rabbit aorta) and airway (guinea-pig trachea) smooth muscle were considerably greater than those of PGE2 and PGF2a respectively. On intravenous injection into guinea-pigs PGG2 and PGH2 caused a triphasic change in blood pressure and were 8–10 times more effective than PGF2a in producing an increase in tracheal insufflation pressure. When given as aerosols the unstable endoperoxides were less effective than PGF2a. It is concluded that the endoperoxides are potent smooth muscle stimulants and that they are more effective than their degradation products (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a) in some systems.

Aspects of Prostaglandin Function in the Lung

The functions of the lung can be divided into those directly involved with respiration and those that, although perhaps having a secondary effect on respiration, are not its primary concern. It has...

Increased Mucociliary Transport by Cholinergic Stimulation

Tracheobronchial clearance of inhaled 6mum Teflon particles (density 2 gm/cu cm) tagged with technetium 99m was studied in healthy subjects by external measurement of the radioactivity in the lungs for two hours. Clearance, salivary secretion, blood pressure, and heart rate were determined in eight subjects after double-blind, subcutaneous administration of 0.25 mg terbutaline sulfate, a beta-adrenoceptor stimulating compound and vehicle, respectively, in a crossover study. Terbutaline produced a marked increase in clearance and a slight increase in heart rate, but had no important effect on salivary secretion or blood pressure. The result indicates that the blood concentrations of catecholamines might be of importance for the regulation of the mucociliary transport rate.

Molecular and Biological Aspects of the Acute Allergic Reaction

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Effect of Some Biologically Active Amines on the Cecum Wall of Germfree Rats.

Summary The cecum wall of germfree and conventional rats was compared with respect to content of and sensitivity to biologically active amines. The concentration of nor-adrenaline, 1-adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and histamine was found to be of the same order of magnitude in germfree and conventional rats. Strips of the cecum wall from conventional rats exhibited regular spontaneous muscle contractions whereas in germfree rats such an activity was never seen. The cecum wall of the germfree rats was generally less sensitive to acetylcholine, serotonin, 1-adrenaline and histamine. This was most pronounced for acetylcholine. In both kinds of cecum wall, the type of response to the amines administered was similar except for serotonin.

Antagonism of prostaglandin F2α induced bronchoconstriction and blood pressure changes by polyphloretin phosphate in the guinea-pig and cat

Polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) when infused intravenously into guinea‐pigs or cats antagonized the bronchoconstriction and blood pressure changes elicited by prostaglandin F2α and cat paw slow reacting substance (SRS). The dose required to induce a 50% reduction was 40–80 mg/kg PPP. The effects of histamine were not significantly antagonized by the doses used. PPP itself also had a blood pressure lowering effect. The results suggest that it may act as a prostaglandin and SRS antagonist in vivo.

Composition of phospholipids and phospholipid fatty acids in rat mast cells.

SummaryThe composition of phospholipids and phospholipid fatty acids in isolated rat serous fluid mast cells was analyzed by thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The phospholipids constituted about 50% of the mast cell lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were identified. The phosphatidylethanolamine fraction contained aldehydes and the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Sphingomyelin contained predominantly saturated fatty acids whereas the ratio unsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acids for the other phospholipids was more close to 1.

Increased excretion of 5α,7α-dihydroxy-11-ketotetranor-prostanoic acid on anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig

Abstract The major urinary metabolite of PGF1α and PGF2α, 5α,7α-dihydroxy-11-ketotetranor-prostanoic acid was measured in guinea-pigs by multiple-ion analysis after chromatographic purification and conversion into the trimethylsilys ether-O-methyloxime derivative of the methyl ester. The basal excretion amounted to 0.5–1.1 μg/24 hours. In three of four non-anaesthetized guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin the excretion of the metabolite was almost doubled on inhalation of the antigen. In one of four animals this was also seen on inhalation of histamine. Peroral pretreatment with indomethacin (25–50 mg/kg) reduced the basal excretion of the PGF-metabolite and abolished the expected rise on challenge with antigen. Nonetheless the animals reacted with respiratory distress and convulsions. The findings indicate that the prostaglandins are not the major mediators of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig.

Effect of Terbutaline, a β2-adrenergic Receptor Stimulating Compound, on Cutaneous Responses to Histamine, Allergen, Compound 48/80, and Trypsin

The β‐adrenoceptor stimulating agent terbutaline (2 ng‐2 μg) injected intradermally in eight atopic subjects produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the skin reactions induced by subsequently injected allergen. After injection of 0.5 μg terbutaline inhibition of the flare and weal responses was demonstrable throughout the observation period of 90 min.