Konstantin Lukin

Noise radar with correlation receiver as the basis of car collision avoidance system

Noise radar is suggested as the basis for development of car collision avoidance system. Laboratory model of noise radar with correlation processing of the reflected signal with bandwidth up to 200MHz, which provide the range resolution better than one meter, was created and tested. Single transmitting-receiving unit allows to measure a distance to a target and it velocity simultaneously. The tests conducted showed that the noise radar technology is the most suitable one for development of car collision avoidance system due to it relative simplicity, high sensitivity and immunity against electromagnetic interferences, as well as good electromagnetic compatibility characteristics, small sizes, light weights and low cost.

Radar Design Using Noise/Random Waveforms

Theoretical and experimental evaluations of potential capabilities of Noise Radar Technology (NRT) in design and development of radar sensors are presented. Derivation of Ambiguity Function for Pulsed Noise Waveform is given. Theoretical basis for Noise Radar design and three different methods for coherent processing of Noise Radar returns are briefly described. Interference immunity and probability of interception for NR as well as current and future applications of NRT are presented. In concluding remarks, the methods and existing technologies for design and development of NRT key components are listed and the nearest tasks for NRT developments are pointed out.

Excitation of the chaotic oscillations in millimeter BWO

In the paper the characteristic properties of the chaotic oscillation excitation in millimeter Backward-Wave Oscillators are investigated. To enhance the interaction efficiency and provide the strong nonlinear working regimes of the oscillator the weak-resonant oscillatory system with large electrical length is proposed to use. It is shown, that in this case the oscillation automodulation with complicated power spectrum are developed for the smaller values of the working current to starting current ratio in comparison with BWO having matched oscillatory system. This allows to oscillate with high efficiency the continuous millimeter chaotic (noise) signals which have a wide enough power spectrum and integral power of about several watts.

Improved Efficiency of Backward-Wave Oscillator With an Inclined Electron Beam

The possibility of the efficient operation of a backward-wave oscillator (BWO) with an electron beam inclined with respect to the surface of a periodic structure-a clinotron-is analyzed here. The beam inclination provides the possibility of effective interaction by all particles of a thick electron beam with the slow evanescent harmonic of the cavity modes. The problem of electron-beam-wave interaction is treated in a self-consistent formulation. A theoretical analysis shows that the inclination of the electron beam to the grating surface decreases the demand of the clinotron for magnetic field magnitude and beam velocity spread compared to a conventional BWO. It is demonstrated that, for an optimal inclination angle and an optimal beam thickness, the clinotron efficiency exceeds the efficiency of a conventional BWO considerably given the same electron beam parameters. The developed multimode theory results are in satisfactory agreement with the theory of a BWO in terms of reflections and particle-in-cell simulations.

Current oscillations in avalanche particle detectors with p-n-i-p-n-structure

We describe the model of an avalanche high energy particle detector consisting of two p-n-junctions, connected through an intrinsic semiconductor with a reverse biased voltage applied. We show that this detector is able to generate the oscillatory response on the single particle passage through the structure. The possibility of oscillations leading to chaotic behavior is pointed out.

Theory of Multimode Resonant Backward-Wave Oscillator With an Inclined Electron Beam

A multimode theory of the resonant backward-wave oscillator (BWO) with an electron beam inclined with respect to the surface of a periodic structure-a clinotron-is presented. It is shown that mode interaction provides phase velocity variation in the interaction space. The beam-wave interaction power increases at a favorable phase velocity profile along the interaction space, which manifests as power peaks in the clinotron zone. In contrast, when it is nonfavorable, there is power drop in the bandwidth. Developed multimode theory results are in satisfactory agreement with the theory of a BWO with reflections and with particle-in-cell simulations.

Scanning synthetic radiation pattern antennas

It is proposed conception of development of new type transmitting-receiving scanning antennas, which are called antennas with synthetic radiation pattern. It is based on application of movement of radiating (receiving) element together with synthesizing of radiation pattern (RP) by means of SAR for processing of recorded information about radiated and received signals. Physical radiator movement can be real or virtual (switching of radiation phase center) due to switching in turns of radiators of one-dimension antenna array (AA) to single-channel transmitter-receiver. There are represented two applications of this approach realization, such as spiral-waveguide slot and tape-slot scanning synthetic RP antennas for registration of radio images and radiofilms in 8-mm wavelength band.

Self-oscillations in reverse biased pn junction with current injection

The dynamics of charge carriers and the electric field in reverse biased pn junction in the presence of injected current is studied within the frame of a drift-diffusion model of semiconductors accounting for impact ionization. It is shown that for asymmetrical pn junctions and strong enough injected current, the charges of electrons and holes generated due to impact ionization make noticeable distortions in the electric field and dimensions of the depleted area which leads to time modulation of the currents flowing through the junction and voltage dropping across it. Self-oscillatory regime occurs when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value of the avalanche breakdown. This effect may be used for generation of electromagnetic oscillations in millimeter and submillimeter wave bands.

Automodulation Processes in Clinotrons With Low-Focusing Magnetic Field

The automodulation processes in backward-wave oscillator with an inclined electron beam (the clinotron) operating at low-focusing magnetic fields have been studied. The automodulation behavior has been analyzed in the clinotron for different angles of the beam inclination. It has been shown that at low magnetic fields, the RF transverse electric field may cause significant changes in electron trajectories, and hence in the beam-wave interaction power that leads to the automodulation.

Novel concepts for surface movement radar design

Traditional millimeter wave Surface Movement Radar (SMR) have been designed and tested. A novel concept for the design of a new SMR is suggested based upon Synthetic Aperture Antenna and Noise Radar Technology. It enables designing of SMR without mechanical rotation of an antenna, but applying several nonmoving Synthetic Aperture Antennas instead. Application of Noise Radar Technology is also considered in more detail to improve the expected performance of a new SMR.