Kossi Metowogo

Antioxidant effects of Ixora coccinea Linn. in a rat model of ovalbumin-induced asthma

Oxidative stress, specifically lipid peroxidation, contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma. A natural antioxidant could be a potential therapeutic intervention. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Ixora coccinea (ICE) exhibit the anti-asthmatic activity in an ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthmatic rat model. These facts led us to examine their antioxidant activities. The free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and the intracellularly antioxidant activity of ICE were determined. The protective effect of ICE against 2,2′ azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced red blood cell lysis was also evaluated. It was found that ICE could scavenge DPPH with an IC50 of 283.3 µg/ml and protected red blood cell against AAPH-induced hemolysis with an IC50 of 72.92 versus 52.08 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. Erythrocytes obtained from the ICE-administrated rats showed an enhanced resistance to hemolysis. In OVA-induced asthma, rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. The effect of ICE at 1500 mg/kg per os on malondialdehyde (MDA) production and lung catalase activity were determined. ICE significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and enhanced catalase activity in lung (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the hydro-alcoholic extract of I. coccinea possesses an antioxidant activity and protective effect against free-radical-induced hemolysis. This may explain the traditional use of this plant as a remedy against asthma and other diseases.

How do Spondias mombin L (Anacardiaceae) leaves extract increase uterine smooth muscle contractions to facilitate child birth in parturient women

Background Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) leaves were used in Togolese folk to treat dystocia, expel placenta and manage post-partum hemorrhage during child birth. Objectives This study aimed to establish how the extract of S. mombin leaves increase uterine smooth muscle contractions relevant to its traditional use to facilitate child birth. Methods Tests were performed on uterus muscle strips from Sprague-Dawley rats. Central portion of uterine horns were dissected, cleaned of surrounding fat and loose connective tissue, and cut longitudinally into strips which were placed in the organ bath for isometric tension record in presence of different substances. Results S. mombin leaves extract increased uterine spontaneous contractions. This effect was reduced by indomethacin (2 × 10-6 M), yohimbine (2 × 10-6 M) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (5 × 10-5 M), but not by atropine (3.45 × 10-8 M) and cholesterol (2.5 mg/ml). Conclusion The pharmacological justification for the traditional use of S. mombin leaves to treat dystocia and expel placenta was that its hydro-ethanolic extract induced prostaglandins release, α2-adrenoceptors stimulation, calcium release from internal stores and lifted inhibitory effect of cholesterol on uterine contractions in order to increase uterine smooth muscle contractions.

Évaluation des propriétés hémostatiques et hypocholestérolémiantes des feuilles de Spondias mombin L (Anacardiaceae)

RésuméL’hémorragie du post partum reste un problème de santé observé en maternité. En Afrique subsaharienne, la phytothérapie traditionnelle propose des plantes pour gérer les saignements du post-partum. Spondias mombin est une plante de la flore togolaise utilisée par les populations rurales pour arrêter l’hémorragie lors des délivrances compliquées. L’objectif de ce présent travail est d’évaluer les effets de cette plante sur quelques paramètres hémostatiques et sur la cholestérolémie afin de justifier son utilisation traditionnelle dans la lutte contre l’hémorragie du post-partum. Les tests portent sur des rates de souche Sprague-Dawley et montrent une augmentation de l’hématocrite, du nombre des éléments figurés du sang et du taux d’hémoglobine chez les rates adultes ayant reçu l’extrait par rapport aux témoins. L’extrait exhibe une propriété anti-fibrinolytique. La cholestérolémie a diminué chez les ratons ayant reçu l’extrait par rapport aux témoins respectifs.AbstractPostpartum hemorrhage remains health problem observed in maternity. In Sub-Saharan Africa, traditional phytotherapy propose plants reputed to manage postpartum bleeding. Spondias mombin is one of Togolese plant used by rural folk to stop hemorrhage at the time of complicated deliverances. The aim of this present work is to evaluate the effects this plant on some haemostatic parameters and on cholesterolemia in order to justify its traditional use to struggle post-partum hemorrhage. Tests are performed on Sprague-Dawley female rats and show an increase of hematocrit, of formed elements of blood and of hemoglobin level at rats fed with extract compared to their control. The extract exhibits an anti-fibrinolytic property. Cholesterolemia was decreased at immature rats which were fed with extract in relation to their respective control.

Effect of Topical Application of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica Pods on Second-Degree Cutaneous Infected Burns

Acacia nilotica is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Togo to treat various diseases including burn wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate experimentally Acacia nilotica burn wound healing effect. Cutaneous burn wounds were symmetrically caused on depilated areas of rat skin through contact with an aluminum bar (r = 10 mm), preheated at 80°C for 30 sec. Five groups of animal were constituted and each group contained 8 mice. Four groups of animal’s burn wounds were infected by Staphylococcus aureus . One group burn wound is uninfected and serves as negative control. Burn wounds were assessed by planimetry and histological parameters of healing. Twelve days after burn wound induction, wound contraction in the uninfected groups (negative control) was 19.9% for topical application against -2.43% for infected control. In the infected groups treated with extract, wound contraction was generally stimulates. Histological examination showed granulated tissue developing over the wounds treated with the extract of A. nilotica at 2.5% and 5% where the proliferation of fibroblasts and neo-blood vessels was very marked. In conclusion, A. nilotica pod contents tannin, flavonoids, alkaloids and protein reduces DPPH solution and significantly accelerates wound healing of burns, and this is the case even if wounds are infected with 10 9 CFU/mL of S. aureus .

EFFET TOPIQUE DE L’EXTRAIT HYDROETHANOLIQUE DE L’ACACIA NILOTICA SUR LA CICATRISATION CUTANEE DES BRULURES DE SECOND DEGRE

This research theme is the impact of the proactive transfer of motor learning between handball and basketball; carry out of the first year of secondary school pupils (15-17 years) of high school IdrisSenouci of Mostaganem city (Algeria). This study aimed to show the existence of a reciprocal proactive transfer of motor learning in the subsequent practice between handball and basketball in the direction of basketball to handball. For this, I hypothesized that there is a reciprocal proactive transfer motor learning engine between handball and basketball in favour of the sense of basketball to handball. To realize this study, I selected a systematic sample of 184 pupils’ boys and girls representing 36.44% of the population retort on four groups, two experimental and two controls to compare their results. And in order to measure the impact of reciprocal proactive transfer of motor learning between handball and basketball, I have conceived an experience based on the experimental protocol of Schmidt (1975) which compares between the performances of an experimental group to those of the control group. Thus, and after analyzing the results of the experiment, it is proved that the proactive transfer of motor learning was embodied in the sense of basketball to handball depending on three statistical means that are the T Students, the percentage of development, and the transfer index of Murdock.