Kuddusi Teberik

Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Patients with High Myopia without Maculopathy

Objective: To evaluate macular choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal thickness in Turkish patients with high myopia without maculopathy and in normal subjects and to examine the association with age, axial length (AL), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and spherical equivalent (SE). Methods: This prospective study was performed between January 2015 and June 2016 in the Department of Ophthalmology, Duzce University Medical Faculty. It had 65 individuals (30 patients with high myopia, 35 healthy subjects). Retinal and choroidal images were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Measurements (one subfoveal, three temporal, three nasal) were taken at 500 μm intervals up to 1,500 μm using the caliper system. Only the right eye was used for subsequent analysis. Results: The mean age was 29.5 ± 14.5 years and 25.6 ± 7.0 in the high myopia and control groups, respectively. The subfoveal CT was significantly lower in the high myopia group (mean, 218.3 ± 102.25 mm) than the control group (mean, 331.83 ± 99.06 mm; p < 0.001). In both groups, the choroid was thinnest at the nasal 1,500 μm location, being 158.40 ± 90.8 μm and 301 ± 103.59 μm, respectively. Retinal thickness in both groups was thickest at the nasal 1,500 μm location and thinnest in the subfoveal region. In patients with high myopia, CT was negatively correlated with AL (r=-0.490, p=0.006) and age (r=-0.455, p=0.012). Conclusions: Highly myopic eyes have a thinner choroid, which may be secondary to longer AL but is not an independent factor. Further studies in the field of OCT are important to exploring the pathology of high myopia.

Associations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level with central corneal and macular thickness in diabetic patients without macular edema

Objectives: To determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fasting plasma glucose levels and HbA1c levels before diabetic macular edema (DME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Forty-four eyes of subjects diagnosed with type 2 DM, and 45 healthy control subjects participated in this study. Detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed with all participants. CMT was measured in both groups by Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. CCT measurements were made with an Echoscan US-500 ultrasonic pachymeter. Blood biochemical tests for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose levels were run on all patients. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean CCT was significantly thicker in type 2 DM patients 563.84 ± 33.25 μm than in the controls 550.13 ± 28.41 μm ( p = 0.039). The mean of CMT was 231.27 ± 37.74 μm in the study group and 225.38 ± 38.33 μm in the control group ( p > 0.05). No relationship was found between CCT and CMT and HbA1c level in the study and control groups. Conclusions: The mean CCT was significantly thicker in type 2 DM patients without diabetic retinopathy than in the controls. The mean CMT is thicker in type 2 DM patients without diabetic retinopathy patients than in the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Optical coherence tomography can be a perfect detector for early detection of DME.

Evaluation of Intraocular pressure, Corneal thickness, and Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Methods: In this prospective study, 103 patients with OSAS (study group) and 37 healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Mean outcome measures were intraocular pressure by Goldmann applanation tonometry, CCT measurement using ultrasound pachymeter and peripapillary RNFL thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The differences between the mean values of RNFL thickness in all quadrants were similar in both groups and were not statistically significant (p=0.274). The IOP and CCT measurement averages of all patients with OSAS were lower than the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between the apnea-hypopnea index, lowest oxygen saturation (LAST) or Body Mass Index (BMI) and the peripapillary RNFL thickness, IOP or CCT when OSAS group was divided by severity. Conclusions: The study results suggest that peripapillary RNFL thickness, IOP or CCT did not differ significantly between OSAS and control groups. We also found no correlation between apnea severity (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation (LAST) and BMI and RNFL, CCT and IOP.

Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness According to Pregnancy Trimester

Amac: Gebeligin on segment parametreleri ve retina sinir lifi kalinligi (RNFL) uzerindeki etkilerini incelemek . Gerec ve Yontem: Bu prospektif calisma, 122’si tekil gebe ve 49’u gebe olmayan kadinlar arasinda yurutuldu. Goz ici basinci (GIB) Goldman Aplanasyon Tonometresi ile olculdu. Santral kornea kalinligi (SKK), aksiyel uzunluk (AxL) ve on kamara derinligi olcumleri (OKD) Echoscan US 500 ile yapildi. RNFL kalinliginin ayrintili olarak arastirilmasi icin optik koherens tomografi kullanildi. Normal dagilim gruplari arasinda bir karsilastirma yapmak icin One Way ANOVA testi kullanildi . Bulgular: Yasa bakimindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark yoktu. GIB, birinci trimesterde 16.0 mmHg, 2. trimesterde 14.6 mmHg, 3. trimesterde 13.6 mmHg ve gebe olmayanlarda 15.56 mmHg idi. Istatistiksel olarak, 2. ve 3. trimesterlerin bulgulari 1. trimesterden anl amli olarak farkliydi (p = 0.033, p = 0.001, sirasiyla). Gebe olmayan kadinlarda 542 μm iken, trimestere gore SKK ortalamasi sirasiyla 554 μm, 564 μm ve 552 μm idi. 2. ve 3. trimesterdeki gebeliklerin ve gebe olmayan kadinlarin SKK ortalamalari arasindaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamliydi (p = 0.022, p = 0.041, sirasiyla). Dort RNFLnin ortalama kalinliginin karsilastirilmasi, gebe ve gebe olmayan arasinda fark gostermedi. Sonuc: Gebelik esnasinda, GIB’de azalma ile SKK’da bir artis bulundu. OKD, AxL ve RNFL kalinlik olcumlerinin hamilelik ile birlikte degismedigi de tespit edildi.

A Comparison of Three Different Photoscreeners in Children

PURPOSEnTo compare the results obtained from three non-cycloplegic handheld photorefractometers with cycloplegic autorefractometry (Topcon KR-8100; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) measurement in children.nnnMETHODSnThe refractive status of 238 eyes in 119 healthy children was assessed. The values acquired using photorefraction with the non-cycloplegic PlusoptiX A12 (Plusoptix GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany), Retinomax K-plus 3 (Righton, Tokyo, Japan), and Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) devices were compared with those obtained from the cycloplegic Topcon KR-8100. The agreement between the measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient.nnnRESULTSnThe mean age was 10.1 ± 3.2 years (range: 6 to 17 years). The mean spherical value for the right eyes was 0.38 diopters (D) (range: -4.50 to 6.25 D) for the Plusoptix A12; 0.45 D (range: -4.50 to 6.25 D) for the Spot Vision Screener; -1.15 D (range: -8.75 to 6.50 D) for the Retinomax K-plus 3; and 0.62 (range: -4.50 to 6.00) for the Topcon KR-8100. The mean spherical equivalent value for the right eyes was 0.41 D (range: -4.50 to 7.90 D) for the Plusoptix A12; 0.18 D (range: -4.75 to 6.13 D) for the Spot Vision Screener; -1.30 D (range: -10.50 to 6.38 D) for the Retinomax K-plus 3; and 0.67 D (range: -4.00 to 6.00 D) for the Topcon KR-8100 (for the right eyes).nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe photorefractometer method was beneficial in the measurement of refractive errors of school-aged children. The PlusoptiX A12 photorefractometer method may eliminate the need for cycloplegia in the detection of refractive errors in children. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(5):306-311.].

Association of ABO blood groups and Rh factor with retinal and choroidal thickness

Purpose: To evaluate if ABO blood group and Rh factor have an effect on retinal and choroidal thickness. Methods: This study was designed prospectively. Retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal, and choroidal thicknesses were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal and choroidal thickness measurements (one subfoveal, three temporal, and three nasal) were obtained at 500-μm intervals up to 1500u2009μm with the caliper system. Results: In this study, 109 male and 151 female, 260 individuals in total were included. There were 125 subjects in group A, 29 in group B, 34 in group AB, and 72 in group O. Rh factor was positive in 194 subjects and negative in 66. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age (pu2009=u20090.667). The groups did not show any statistical difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. There was significant difference found for mean retinal thickness at temporal 1000u2009μm when four groups were compared (pu2009=u20090.037). No statistically significant difference was detected for the remaining retinal and choroidal sectoral regions. The groups did not statistically significantly differ concerning Rh factor (pu2009>u20090.05). Conclusion: Although we found a significant difference in retinal thickness in the temporal retina between group B with group A and group O, we suggest that both blood group and Rh factor have no effect on retinal and choroidal thickness.

Assessment of central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness at women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Amac: xa0Ayni yas segmentinde polikistik over sendromlu ve saglikli kadinlar arasindaki goz ici basinci, santral kornea kalinligi, on kamara derinligi, aksiyel uzunluk ve retina sinir lifi tabakasi kalinligini karsilastirmak. Gerec ve Yontem : Agustos 2015-Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasinda polikistik over sendromlu 46xa0 ve 53 sagliklixa0 kadin dahil edildi. Refraksiyon olcumleri alindiktan sonra, gozici basinci, santral kornea kalinligi, on kamara derinligi, aksiyel uzunluk ve retina sinir lifi tabakasi kalinligi incelendi. Verilerin istatistiksel olarak degerlendirilmesinde gruplarin karsilastirilmasi amaciyla Independent Samples t test kullanilmistir. Bulgular: xa0Polikistik over sendromlu grupta yas ortalamasi 23.43 ± 4.52 (16-35) iken, kontroller arasinda ortalama yas duzeyi 24.09 ± 6.14 (18.54) olarak bulundu (p = 0,549). Polikistik over sendromlu grupta goz ici basinci degerleri 17.73 ± 2.67 mmHg, kontrollerde 15.21 ± 2.42 mmHg bulundu (Pxa0 <0,001) . Nazal kadrandaki retina sinir lifi kalinligi polikistik over sendromlu grupta 79,41±10,28 mikron iken kontrol grubunda 73,83±10,98 mikron oldugu bulundu (Pxa0 <0,001) . Sonuc: xa0Polikistik over sendromlu hastalarin nazal kadrandaki retina sinir lifi tabakasi kalinligi vexa0 goz ici basincinda gorulen artmis duzeylerin istatistiksel olarak anlamli oldugu bulduk. Bu nedenle, polikistik over sendromlu hastalarin goz muayenesi acisindan yakindan degerlendirilmesini onerilmekteyiz.

Comparison of central corneal thickness with four different optical devices

BackgroundTo compare the consistency between the average scores of the contact central corneal thickness measurements from ultrasound pachymetry devices still gold standard, such as iPac® and Echoscan US-500, and noncontact measurements via Pentacam HR and Sirius topography.MethodsThis prospective study, subsequently admitted to the ophthalmology department, 76 healthy individuals were performed. The measurements were repeated three times for each eye, and average scores were statistically analyzed on the same day and almost at the same time. While measuring the eyes, Pentacam HR, Sirius topography, iPac®, and Echoscan US-500 were used, respectively. The inter-rater agreement of measurements from the devices was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient, and 95% Confidence Interval and p values demonstrating statistically significance were also presented. In the graphical assessment of the agreement, the Bland–Altman graph was used.ResultsAmong 76 study participants, 43 (56.6%) were composed of women, and age level was 38.6xa0±xa012.5xa0years, ranging between 18 and 69. It was observed that the highest agreement was between the measurements obtained from Echoscan US-500 and iPac® devices, but the agreement between the measurements of different devices was higher than 0.90. Bland–Altman graphics were also investigated; the results of four different devices were seen to be consistent with one another.ConclusionsTherefore, the devices we compared in the study can be used as alternatives to one another due to the higher consistency between CCT measurements provided with through UP devices of Echoscan US-500 and iPac®, and Pentacam HR and Sirius topography devices.Clinical Trial Registration number: 2016/112

The Effects of Swimming Goggles on Intraocular Pressure in Children

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of wearing swimming goggles on intraocular pressure in children. The study comprises of 20 eyes from 10 children, 4 male (40%) and 6 female (60%). The median age was 10.4 with a range of 9 to 11 years (mean age was 10.4). Before the study, the height (cm), weight (kg) and intraocular pressure values of children were measured by using two different appliances. Upon the durations of stay in water, 3 different periods were set at 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes. Two different eye doctors measured intraocular pressure values of children with specified appliances after the end of each period and then immediately after the goggles were taken off. The average height of the children was 146.5cm ranging from 140 to 163 cm and the average weight was 42.84kg ranging from 33 to 51.6 kg. Before the goggles were worn, the average intraocular pressure value was measured at 16.5 ranging from 12 to 23 mmHg with a tono-pen and at 16.3 ranging from 11 to 22 mmHg with a non-contact tonometer for the right eye, while it was 16.6 ranging from 11 to 21 mmHg with a tono-pen and 16.2 ranging from 11 to 21mmHg with non-contact tonometer for the left eye. At the end of the first period (after 5 minutes), the average intraocular pressure value of right eye was 17.2 (12-23) mmHg measured with a tono-pen and 16.8 (12-23) mmHg measured with a non-contact tonometer, at the end of second period values were 17.0 (10-23) mmHg and 17.3 mmHg, respectively, at the end of the third period the values were 17.30 (13-24) mmHg and 17.60 (12-24) mmHg, respectively. The average intraocular pressure values of the left eye were 16.7 (11-22) mmHg and 16.3 (10-24) mmHg, respectively, at the end of second period values were 16.7 (10- 25) mmHg, 16.6 (11-23) mmHg, respectively, and at the end of the third period the values were 17.70 (13-24), 17.10 (12-23) mmHg, respectively. The researchers considered that patients with glaucoma and suspected glaucoma should use well fitting swimming goggles, which do not have overly tightened straps and a small rim diameter.

Genç Türk Erkekleri Arasında Kalıtımsal Renkli Görme Bozuklukları Sıklığının Araştırılması a"Bir Taramanın Sonuçları ve Literatürün Gözden Geçrilmesi Genç Türk Erkeklerinde Renk Körlüğü

Amac: Bu calisma Aksaray Devlet Hastanesi Goz polikliniginde muayene edilen genc Turk erkek olgular icerisinde kalitimsal renkli gorme bozukluklarinin (KRGB) sikligini arastiran bir calismadirGerec ve Yontem: Turkiye’nin 7 farkli bolgesinden gelip universite egitimleri sirasinda poliklinigimizde muayene edilen saglikli genc erkek olgularda KRGB arastirildi. Besyuz uc erkek olguda bu tarama icin ishihara pseudoizokromatik kartlari kullanildi. Bulgular: Kirmizi yesil renk korlugu sikligi %5 protanlar ve %2 deutanlar olmak uzere %7 olarak bulundu Sonuc: KRGB sikligi toplumlar ve cinsiyetler arasinda degisim gosterir. Renkli gorme bozukluklarinin Turk nufusundaki sikligi daha once cesitli calismalarda bildirilmistir. Bizim calismamizdaki yuzdeler de bunlara parallel ancak Guney Avrupa ulkelerinde bildirilen sonuclardan yuksek bulunmustur