Kunal Das

A STUDY ON DIVERSE NANOSTRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING LOGIC GATE DESIGN FOR QCA

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) define the nanostructure of basic computer. It is used as an alternative for designing high-speed computer over CMOS technology. The basic logic in QCA is the logic state that does not measure with voltage level; rather it measures the polarity of electrons in cell. The Majority Voter (MV) is first introduced to design the logic circuits, but only using MV, designing complex logic circuit became inefficient. Many proposals had been made for designing QCA logic gate. In this paper we focus on different useful nanostructures, reduced size and efficient design of Nand–Nor Inverter (NNI), 3 × 3 tile structures for implementing NNI, And–Or Logic, and AOI also present logic synthesis using proposed gates. We analyze QCA defect on proposed gates and describe its permissible defect tolerance. In QCA we describe application for implementing standard functions using proposed structures in this paper and describe effective area of proposed structures.

Diverse clocking strategy in MQCA

Nano-magnets are the basic building blocks of Magnetic QCA. Initially CMOS circuits were used to construct clocking circuit for MQCA logic device. CMOS circuits dissipate high energy; as a result huge amount of power-loss occurs. In this paper we have presented the various clocking strategy built with nano-magnets which reduces the power consumption to a large extent. The advantage of Three-phase clocking architecture with and without phase overlapping is also demonstrated.

A novel pseudo random number generator based cryptographic architecture using quantum-dot cellular automata

Pseudo random number generator (PRNG) based hardware cryptographic architecture is presented in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology. Major achievement is the production of cipher texts using random number generator instead of fixed keys. The random ciphers thus generated reduce the detection probability. A novel algorithm for cipher text design has been provided in this paper. In a bottom-up approach, we have designed all the architectural components which include QCA based XOR block, 4-bit Counter, 4 to 16 Decoder, Memory Elements and two PRNG blocks. Finally a synchronized integration of the individual components led to the generation of a novel cryptographic architecture. This design has achieved two layers of security. First layer is ensured by the encryption scheme, which has been achieved by the PRNGs and XOR block and the second layer is achieved by a Permutation Block at the transmission end. An effective and innovative cryptographic scheme compared to the existing works is proposed here.

SPICE Modeling and Analysis for Metal Island Ternary QCA Logic Device

The exploration of work ability of the new trend in quantum dot cellular automata (QCA)—the ternary QCA, is the major focus in this paper. Both physically and electrically, our tQCA approach is proving its excellence in comparison to the existing binary QCA (bQCA). We also propose a model description for tQCA that will help in determining its logic performances while operating it in the nano computing regime.

Probabilistic Defect Analysis Model for Quantum dot Cellular Automata Design at Analytical Phase

The advantage of defect analysis on Quantum dot Cellular Automata(QCA) is that defects can be predict (which are probable to arise during fabrication phase) at analytical phase of QCA design. Since QCA is probabilistic in nature, the probability theory is introduced here to analyze the defect/fault tolerance at gate level of QCA design. We proposed a Bayesian network based Probabilistic Defect Analysis Model (PDAM) to analyze the defect at analytical phase of QCA design. Proposed model is applied over QCA wire, three input Majority voter, Five Input Majority voter and the result is compared with QCADesigner to justify the importance of PDAM approach over exhaustive simulation process with QCADesigner.

Feed Forward Neural Network Approach for Reversible Logic Circuit Simulation in QCA

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is becoming a new paradigm in nanoscale computing. Artificial Neural Network model is a promising model to design and simulate QCA circuits. This study proposes a new approach to design, model and simulate small circuit as well as large circuit. Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) model is used to design and simulate the reversible circuit as well as conservative circuit. The simulation result of this proposed FFNN model gives better result than exhaustive simulation of QCADesigner.

A Probabilistic Model for Analysis and Fault Detection in the Software System: An Empirical Approach

Software reliability and estimation of defects plays an important role in software testing stage. For studying defects, one common practice is to inject faults in subject software, either manually or by using a program that generates all possible mutants based on a set of mutation constraints. Getting the optimized results for the software system while predicting defects using realistic analysis, and confirming whether that leads to valid and consistent data during software testing stage is a challenge. In this paper, we propose Process simulation Model (PSM), which is a probabilistic model-based approach that overcomes these challenges and enables prediction of software defects and its impact in the system using Bayesian estimation. Moreover, a Fault Detection Algorithm FDA is derived from PSM model that helps to predict software faults for different deterministic problems that we have taken in our experimental study to demonstrate the reliability, verification and consistency of the system. A comparative study is shown on various deterministic problems by finding set of random defects through probabilistic approach the fault may occur in the proposed software model.

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata: A Promising Paradigm Beyond Moore

The quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising paradigm to overcome the ever-growing needs in size, power and speed. In this chapter we explore charge-confined low-power optimum logic circuit design to enhance the computing performance of a novel nanotechnology architecture, the quantum dot cellular automata. We investigate robust and reliable diverse logic circuit design, such as hybrid adders and other binary adder schemes, among them bi-quinary and Johnson–Mobius, in QCA. We also examine zero-garbage lossless online-testable adder design in QCA. Multivalued logic circuit design, with potential advantages such as greater data storage, fast arithmetic operation, and the ability to solve nonbinary problems, will be important in multivalued computing, especially in the ternary computing paradigm.