Kurt J. Greenlund
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Circulation | 2009
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Robert Adams; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Giovanni de Simone; T. Bruce Ferguson; Katherine Flegal; Earl S. Ford; Karen L. Furie; Alan S. Go; Kurt J. Greenlund; Nancy Haase; Susan M. Hailpern; Michael Ho; Virginia J. Howard; Brett Kissela; Steven J. Kittner; Daniel T. Lackland; Lynda D. Lisabeth; Ariane J. Marelli; Mary M. McDermott; James B. Meigs; Dariush Mozaffarian; Graham Nichol; Christopher J. O'Donnell; Véronique L. Roger; Wayne Rosamond; Ralph L. Sacco; Paul D. Sorlie; Randall S. Stafford; Julia Steinberger
We thank Drs Robert Adams, Gary Friday, Philip Gorelick, and Sylvia Wasserthiel-Smoller, members of Stroke Statistics Subcommittee; Drs Joe Broderick, Brian Eigel, Kimberlee Gauveau, Jane Khoury, Jerry Potts, Jane Newburger, and Kathryn Taubert; and Sean Coady and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance. View this table: Writing Group Disclosures # Summary {#article-title-2} Each year the American Heart Association, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media, the lay public, and many others who seek the …
Circulation | 2010
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Robert J. Adams; Todd M. Brown; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Shifan Dai; Giovanni de Simone; T. Bruce Ferguson; Earl S. Ford; Karen L. Furie; Cathleen Gillespie; Alan S. Go; Kurt J. Greenlund; Nancy Haase; Susan M. Hailpern; P. Michael Ho; Virginia J. Howard; Brett Kissela; Steven J. Kittner; Daniel T. Lackland; Lynda D. Lisabeth; Ariane J. Marelli; Mary M. McDermott; James B. Meigs; Dariush Mozaffarian; Michael E. Mussolino; Graham Nichol; Véronique L. Roger; Wayne D. Rosamond; Ralph L. Sacco; Paul D. Sorlie
Appendix I: List of Statistical Fact Sheets. URL: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2007 We wish to thank Drs Brian Eigel and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We would like to acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance. Disclosures View this table: View this table: View this table: # Summary {#article-title-2} Each year, the American Heart Association, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best national data available on disease …
Circulation | 2011
Véronique L. Roger; Alan S. Go; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Robert J. Adams; Jarett D. Berry; Todd M. Brown; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Shifan Dai; Giovanni de Simone; Earl S. Ford; Caroline S. Fox; Heather J. Fullerton; Cathleen Gillespie; Kurt J. Greenlund; Susan M. Hailpern; John A. Heit; P. Michael Ho; Virginia J. Howard; Brett Kissela; Steven J. Kittner; Daniel T. Lackland; Judith H. Lichtman; Lynda D. Lisabeth; Diane M. Makuc; Gregory M. Marcus; Ariane J. Marelli; David B. Matchar; Mary M. McDermott; James B. Meigs; Claudia S. Moy
Rosamond, Paul D. Sorlie, Randall S. Stafford, Tanya N. Turan, Melanie B. Turner, Nathan D. Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael E. Mussolino, Graham Nichol, Nina P. Paynter, Wayne D. Ariane Marelli, David B. Matchar, Mary M. McDermott, James B. Meigs, Claudia S. Moy, Lackland, Judith H. Lichtman, Lynda D. Lisabeth, Diane M. Makuc, Gregory M. Marcus, John A. Heit, P. Michael Ho, Virginia J. Howard, Brett M. Kissela, Steven J. Kittner, Daniel T. Caroline S. Fox, Heather J. Fullerton, Cathleen Gillespie, Kurt J. Greenlund, Susan M. Hailpern, Todd M. Brown, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Shifan Dai, Giovanni de Simone, Earl S. Ford, Véronique L. Roger, Alan S. Go, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Robert J. Adams, Jarett D. Berry, Association 2011 Update : A Report From the American Heart −− Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics
Circulation | 2010
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Robert J. Adams; Todd M. Brown; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Shifan Dai; Giovanni de Simone; T. Bruce Ferguson; Earl S. Ford; Karen L. Furie; Cathleen Gillespie; Alan S. Go; Kurt J. Greenlund; Nancy Haase; Susan M. Hailpern; P. Michael Ho; Virginia J. Howard; Brett Kissela; Steven J. Kittner; Daniel T. Lackland; Lynda D. Lisabeth; Ariane J. Marelli; Mary M. McDermott; James B. Meigs; Dariush Mozaffarian; Michael E. Mussolino; Graham Nichol; Véronique L. Roger; Wayne D. Rosamond; Ralph L. Sacco; Paul D. Sorlie
Appendix I: List of Statistical Fact Sheets. URL: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2007 We wish to thank Drs Brian Eigel and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We would like to acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance. Disclosures View this table: View this table: View this table: # Summary {#article-title-2} Each year, the American Heart Association, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best national data available on disease …
Circulation | 2009
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Robert J. Adams; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Giovanni de Simone; T. Bruce Ferguson; Katherine Flegal; Earl S. Ford; Karen L. Furie; Alan S. Go; Kurt J. Greenlund; Nancy Haase; Susan M. Hailpern; Michael Ho; Virginia J. Howard; Brett Kissela; Steven J. Kittner; Daniel T. Lackland; Lynda D. Lisabeth; Ariane J. Marelli; Mary M. McDermott; James B. Meigs; Dariush Mozaffarian; Graham Nichol; Christopher J. O'Donnell; Véronique L. Roger; Wayne D. Rosamond; Ralph L. Sacco; Paul D. Sorlie; Randall S. Stafford; Julia Steinberger
We thank Drs Sean Coady, Eric L. Ding, Brian Eigel, Gregg C. Fonarow, Linda Geiss, Cherie James, Michael Mussolino, and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions, and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance. Disclosures ⇓⇓⇓⇓ View this table: Writing Group Disclosures View this table: Writing Group Disclosures, Continued View this table: Writing Group Disclosures, Continued View this table: Writing Group Disclosures, Continued # Summary {#article-title-2} Each year, the American Heart Association, in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay …
Circulation | 2010
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones; Yuling Hong; Darwin R. Labarthe; Dariush Mozaffarian; Lawrence J. Appel; Linda Van Horn; Kurt J. Greenlund; Stephen R. Daniels; Graham Nichol; Gordon F. Tomaselli; Donna K. Arnett; Gregg C. Fonarow; P. Michael Ho; Michael S. Lauer; Frederick A. Masoudi; Rose Marie Robertson; Véronique L. Roger; Lee H. Schwamm; Paul D. Sorlie; Clyde W. Yancy; Wayne D. Rosamond
This document details the procedures and recommendations of the Goals and Metrics Committee of the Strategic Planning Task Force of the American Heart Association, which developed the 2020 Impact Goals for the organization. The committee was charged with defining a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determining the metrics needed to monitor it over time. Ideal cardiovascular health, a concept well supported in the literature, is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors (nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal levels, and pursuit of a diet consistent with current guideline recommendations) and ideal health factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL). Appropriate levels for children are also provided. With the use of levels that span the entire range of the same metrics, cardiovascular health status for the whole population is defined as poor, intermediate, or ideal. These metrics will be monitored to determine the changing prevalence of cardiovascular health status and define achievement of the Impact Goal. In addition, the committee recommends goals for further reductions in cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality. Thus, the committee recommends the following Impact Goals: “By 2020, to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while reducing deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20%.” These goals will require new strategic directions for the American Heart Association in its research, clinical, public health, and advocacy programs for cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention in the next decade and beyond.
Circulation | 2005
George A. Mensah; Ali H. Mokdad; Earl S. Ford; Kurt J. Greenlund; Janet B. Croft
Background—Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Methods and Results—Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence and indexes of morbidity, mortality, and overall quality of life in adults ≥18 years of age by race/ethnicity, sex, education level, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Disparities were common in all risk factors examined. In men, the highest prevalence of obesity (29.2%) was found in Mexican Americans who had completed a high school education. Black women with or without a high school education had a high prevalence of obesity (47.3%). Hypertension prevalence was high among blacks (39.8%) regardless of sex or educational status. Hypercholesterolemia was high among white and Mexican American men and white women in both groups of educational status. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were inversely related to education, income, and poverty status. Hospitalization was greater in men for total heart disease and acute myocardial infarction but greater in women for congestive heart failure and stroke. Among Medicare enrollees, congestive heart failure hospitalization was higher in blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives than among whites, and stroke hospitalization was highest in blacks. Hospitalizations for congestive heart failure and stroke were highest in the southeastern United States. Life expectancy remains higher in women than men and higher in whites than blacks by ≈5 years. CVD mortality at all ages tended to be highest in blacks. Conclusions—Disparities in CVD and related risk factors remain pervasive. The data presented here can be invaluable for policy development and in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions designed to eliminate health disparities.
Circulation | 2012
Christina M. Shay; Hongyan Ning; Norrina B. Allen; Mercedes R. Carnethon; Stephanie E. Chiuve; Kurt J. Greenlund; Martha L. Daviglus; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Background— The American Heart Associations 2020 Strategic Impact Goals define a new concept, cardiovascular (CV) health; however, current prevalence estimates of the status of CV health in US adults according to age, sex, and race/ethnicity have not been published. Methods and Results— We included 14 515 adults (≥20 years of age) from the 2003 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Participants were stratified by young (20–39 years), middle (40–64 years), and older (≥65 years) ages. CV health behaviors (diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking) and CV health factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, smoking) were defined as poor, intermediate, or ideal. Fewer than 1% of adults exhibited ideal CV health for all 7 metrics. For CV health behaviors, nonsmoking was most prevalent (range, 60.2%–90.4%), whereas ideal Healthy Diet Score was least prevalent (range, 0.2%–2.6%) across groups. Prevalences of ideal body mass index (range, 36.5%–45.3%) and ideal physical activity levels (range, 50.2%–58.8%) were higher in young adults compared with middle or older ages. Ideal total cholesterol (range, 23.7%–36.2%), blood pressure (range, 11.9%–16.3%), and fasting blood glucose (range, 31.2%–42.9%) were lower in older adults compared with young and middle-aged adults. Prevalence of poor CV health factors was lowest in young age but higher at middle and older ages. Prevalence estimates by age and sex were consistent across race/ethnic groups. Conclusions— These prevalence estimates of CV health represent a starting point from which effectiveness of efforts to promote CV health and prevent CV disease can be monitored and compared in US adult populations.
Circulation | 2012
Earl S. Ford; Kurt J. Greenlund; Yuling Hong
Background— Recently, the American Heart Association developed a set of 7 ideal health metrics that will be used to measure progress toward their 2020 goals for cardiovascular health. The objective of the present study was to examine how well these metrics predicted mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system in a national sample of adults in the United States. Methods and Results— We used data from 7622 adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 and whose mortality through 2006 was determined via linkage to the National Death Index. For the dietary and glycemic metrics, we used alternative measures. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 532 deaths (186 deaths resulting from diseases of the circulatory system) occurred. About 1.5% of participants met none of the 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics, and 1.1% of participants met all 7 metrics. The number of ideal metrics was significantly and inversely related to mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system. Compared with participants who met none of the ideal metrics, those meeting ≥5 metrics had a reduction of 78% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.50) in the risk for all-cause mortality and 88% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.57) in the risk for mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion— The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics is a strong predictor of mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system.
Stroke | 2002
Carma Ayala; Janet B. Croft; Kurt J. Greenlund; Nora L. Keenan; Ralph Donehoo; Ann Malarcher; George A. Mensah
Background and Purpose— Ischemic stroke accounts for 70% to 80% of all strokes, but intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhagic strokes have greater fatality. Age-standardized death rates from overall stroke are higher among men than women, but little is known about sex differences in stroke subtype mortality by race/ethnicity. Methods— We analyzed 1995 to 1998 national death certificate data to compare sex-specific age-standardized death rates (per 100 000) for ischemic stroke (n=507 256), intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (n=98 709), and subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (n=27 334) among whites, blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. We calculated rate ratios and 95% CIs comparing women with men within age and racial/ethnic groups. Results— Age-specific rates of ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke deaths were lower for women than for men aged 25 to 44 and 45 to 64 years but were higher for ischemic stroke among older women, aged ≥65 years. Only among whites did women have higher age-standardized rates of ischemic stroke. Age-standardized death rates for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke among women were lower than or similar to those among men in all racial/ethnic groups. Women had higher risk of death from subarachnoid hemorrhagic; this sex differential increased with age. Conclusions— The female-to-male mortality ratio differs for stroke subtypes by race/ethnicity and age. A primary public health effort should focus on increasing the awareness of stroke symptoms, particularly among people at high risk, to decrease delay in early detection and effective stroke treatment.