Kyung Eun Bae

Bilateral accessory inferior turbinates and secondary middle turbinates

Bifid inferior nasal turbinates—two inferior turbinates with a single root observed in the nasal cavity—are an extremely rare anatomical variation, especially when they are observed bilaterally and exist with other variations. We report a case of bilateral bifid inferior nasal turbinates with bilateral secondary middle turbinates. We discuss the findings of this rare condition and suggest an appropriate term—accessory inferior turbinate—to replace bilateral inferior turbinate by reason of its embryology.

Unusual meandering right upper lobe pulmonary vein draining into right middle lobe pulmonary vein: a case report

Meandering right pulmonary vein is a rare vascular anomaly that requires accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary procedures and unintended vascular injury during operation. We describe an unusual meandering right upper lobe pulmonary vein draining into the left atrium via the right middle lobe pulmonary vein.