Kyung-Yae Hyun

Attenuant Effects of Hovenia dulcis Extract on Inflammatory Orifacial Pain in Rats

Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE) has positive effects on alcohol degradation, recovery of liver damage and antioxidant activities. This study examined whether HDE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory orifacial pain in an animal algesic model with formalin. The animals (rats) were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (right facial subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin, inflammatory orifacial pain group), group III (5% formalin + distilled water administration), and group IV injection (5% formalin + 4.5 ml/kg of HDE), respectively. The scores from the scratch and effleurage tests were applied to evaluate the differences between three groups. The expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla oblongata, which are involved in pain regulation, inflammation, antioxidation and nitric oxide production, were analyzed by western blot. The degree of orifacial pain was significantly lower in group IV than in groups I, II and, III. The expression of p38MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla were also lower in group IV than in the other groups. These findings suggested that a Hovenia dulcis extract can attenuate inflammatory orifacial pain by suppressing the expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Korean red ginseng Extract in formalin-induced Orofacial Pain in Rats

Abstract The effects of korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on orifacial pain control in terms of the systemic inflammatory response and pharmacological effects as health supplements were investigated. The experimental group were divided into three groups, the control group (n=6), formalin (5%, 50 ㎕ ) injection group(n=6), and formalin (5%, 50 ㎕ ) injection added KRG administrated group (4.5 ml/kg, n=6). The KRG administratedgroup prior to the formalin injection significantly attenuated the behavioral response compared to that of the controlgroup. Pain reduction was suppressed mainly from 15 min to 30 min. The KRG administrated rats showed significantly reduced p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 expression in the brain and medulla oblongata according to Western blot analysis. These findings suggest that KRE may have a useful effect on orificial pain control functions by preventing the p38 MAPK pathway. Key Words : Korean red ginseng extract, iNOS, Nrf2, Orofacial pain, p38 MAPK 본 연구는 동의대학교 연구과제(2014AA171)에 의해 수행되었습니다.

Difference in Serum Iron, Cardiac, and Biochemical Indices between Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver

Although alcohol drinking may cause fatty liver to induce hepatocytic injury, other factors lead to it. We designed this study to investigate the differences in serum iron, cardiac, and biochemical indices in men with fatty liver and the difference between alcohol drinkers (Alcohol group) and non-drinkers (Non-alcohol group). The alcohol group had higher body indices than the non-alcohol group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and right and left intraocular pressure in the alcohol group were higher than those in the non-alcohol group. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and monocyte counts were higher in the alcohol group than in the non-alcohol group. Alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin levels in the alcohol group were greater than those in the non-alcohol group. The present data reveals that alcohol-induced fatty liver has more elevated level of iron indices than in non-alcohol fatty liver as well as biochemical and cardiac indices, indicating that alcohol-induced fatty liver may cause possibility of adult diseases including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Factors Affecting the Postoperative Outcome in Adult Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

We defined factors affecting the postoperative outcome in adult cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Thirty-two adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery participated in this study. Levels of leukocyte, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), troponin-I (cTNI), interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were significantly elevated, whereas platelet count declined in cardiac surgery with CPB. GOT and D-dimer levels at CPB-off each had a positive significant correlation significantly with 24 hrs-bleeding, total bleeding, mechanical ventilatory assist time, ICU stay time and length of hospitalization. BUN levels at CPB-off were directly related to total bleeding, mechanical ventilatory assist time, ICU stay time and length of hospitalization. Platelet count at CPB-off was inversely related to mechanical ventilatory assist time, ICU stay time and length of hospitalization. Creatinine concentration at CPB-off interrelated positively with mechanical ventilatory assist time and ICU stay time. NSE levels at CPB-off had a positive relationship with postoperative 24 hrs-bleeding. The length of hospitalization was prolonged proportionally to the elevation of cTNI levels in cardiac surgery. Aortic cross-clamping and total CPB times also related with increase of 24 hrs and total bleeding volumes and the length of hospitalization. IL-6 and ET-1 had no mutual relation with any postoperative outcome. These data suggest that GOT, BUN, creatinine, D-dimer and platelet levels are the most important factors affecting postoperative outcomes and patients recovery in adult cardiac surgery with CPB.

Correlation of Glasgow Prognostic Score or Procalcitonin to Clinical Variables in Patients with Pretreatment Lung Cancer

Unfortunately, the five-year survival rate of lung cancer is relatively low compared with other cancers. Therefore, better predictors are need for prognosis, therapeutic strategy, risk stratification and predicting long-term mortality of lung cancer. Recently, increasing data suggest that Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and procalcitonin levels are useful predictor cancer prognosis. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the correlation of GPS or procalcitonin to clinical variables in patients with pretreatment lung cancer. In 135 patients with pretreatment lung cancer, GPS, procalcitonin, demographic characteristics, hematological, coagulation, biochemical, inflammatory and cardiac markers were measured. Monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume to platecrit ratio, D-dimer and prothrombin time (PT) levels were higher, whereas mean platelet volume was lower than their normal ranges. Glucose and sodium levels were low, whereas gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were increase compared their normal ranges. Procalcitonin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and troponin-I concentrations were elevated compared with their normal ranges. GPS had significantly positive or negative relations to cancer stage, hematological, coagulation, biochemical, inflammatory and troponin-I. Based on the data, we suggest that GPS may be a potent and useful predictor for prognosis, therapeutic strategy, risk stratification and predicting long-term mortality of lung cancer.

Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Regulation of Hydroponic Cultured Ginseng in Arthritis Rat

본 연구는 류마티스 관절염 동물 모델의 신장 기능 저하에 따른 수경인삼 잎 추출액의 효과 알아 보고자 하였다. 류마티스 관절염 동물 모델은 타입 II collagen + adjuvant를 7일동안 연속적으로 쥐 의 꼬리에 주입하였다. 실험군은 그룹I: Control 그룹(n=5), 그룹II: collagen 주입군, 그룹III: collagen 주입 + 수경인삼 잎 추출액 200mg/kg 투여군, 그룹IV: collagen 주입 + 수경인삼 잎 추출액 100mg/kg 투여군, 그룹V: collagen 주입 + 수경인삼 잎 추출액 50mg/kg 투여군, 그룹VI: collagen 주입 + leflunomide 3.5mg/kg 투여군으로 나누었다. 우리는 혈액검사와 생화학검사를 통한 혈액학적 변화를 통해 신장기능 효과에 대한 실험을 하였고, 단백질정량분석을 통한 그룹간의 신호전달 단백질 발현의 차이를 조사하였다. 실험결과는 수경인삼 잎 추출액의 경구투여가 신장기능 유지 및 전신성 염증 조절을 할 수 있을 것으로 시사된다.

Neuroprotection by Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Extract in Anxiety Animal Model Involves the iNOS/Nrf2 Pathway

Anxiety is a most common psychological disease, caused by stress. Many drugs for treated anxiety have various side effects and natural resources have a possibility as alternate material to eradicate these side effects. In this study is investigate inflammation modulate effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) Extract in Forced Swimming Test (FST) induced depression rat model. 1 day after FST implemented during 15 min to training for rats, we measured FST and Y-maze test during each 6min, 3min to lock for acute effects of GU Extract, likewise measured behavior response with same method for chronic effects of GU Extract. We Received (May 07, 2015), Review Request(May 08, 2015), Review Result(May 26, 2015) Accepted(June 15, 2015), Published(August 31, 2015) 614-714 Dept. Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Univ., Gaya 1-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea email: excikind@naver.com 614-714 Dept. Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Univ., Gaya 1-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea email: rokmagnum@naver,com (Corresponding Author) 614-714 Dept. Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Univ., Gaya 1-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea email: kyhyun@deu.ac.kr Neuroprotection by Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract in Anxiety animal Model Involves the iNOS/Nrf2 Pathway Copyright c 2015 HSST 156 orally administerd EU extract 100mg/kg and Sodium Tianeptine 10mg/kg. Researcher result showed oral administration of GUF Extracts significantly redused immobility time and increased total entries, total distance, down regulation of iNOS, Nrf2 expression in medulla oblongata and adrenal gland, anti-anxiety modulatory effect.

Role of Samultang in Formalin-induced Orofacial pain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Samultang by measuring the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in formalin-induced orofacial pain. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects were measured by western blot analysis for p38 MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinases), iNOS(induceble nitric oxide synthase) and NOX4(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate4) in a rats brain and medulla oblongata. Samultang significantly attenuated the increased formalin-induced nociceptive response and inhibited the p38 MAPK and iNOS that led to inflammatory pain. In addition, this study indicated that Samultang possess antioxidative effects through the blockade of NOX4. These findings suggest that Samultang plays an important role in the peripheral processing of inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.

Antidepressant Effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim on Forced Swimming Test in the Rat

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a species of the maple genus, which is native to North-Eastern China and Korea. Traditionally, AT has been already used for pain relief in Korea. On the other hand, its antidepressant-like activity and related molecular mechanisms is not completely understood. Using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), the effects of a subacute treatment with AT(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on the immobility and FST-induced changes to the immune parameters, cortisol, ACTH, and cytokine, in rats were investigated. The tendency of immobility showed a dose-dependent decrease in FST. The levels of cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1β in the peripheral blood were increased significantly after FST exposure. Overall, these results suggest that AT treatment can decrease the immobility time and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the FST, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of AT might be involved in the antidepressant-like effect.

Relationship and Clinical Usefulness between Preoperative Levels of Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Other Cardiac Markers and Perioperative Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are routine cardiac markers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Recently, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has garnered attention as a marker of heart failure. This study was retrospectively designed to investigate the relationships between preoperative BNP, other cardiac markers levels and perioperative parameters in seventy-four adult patients that underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and to assess its usefulness for predicting postoperative outcomes. Preoperative levels of BNP, cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP had significantly positive or negative correlations with echocadiographic parameters. There were significantly positive relationships between BNP, cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP concentration. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time had a positive correlation to preoperative levels of cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP, while ICU-staying period had a positive correlation with BNP, cTnI and CK-MB. These results reveal that a preoperative level of BNP is a good predictor and that its combination with cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP might be useful for diagnosis and comprehensive risk stratification of patients with coronary heart diseases, as well as prognosis of perioperative outcomes in OPCAB patients.