L.N. Souza

Facial fractures in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 3 years in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

AIM The purpose of this study was to review the etiology, incidence and treatment of selected oral and maxillofacial fractures in children in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during a period of 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data collected for this study included age, gender, etiology, date of trauma, associated maxillofacial trauma, anatomic site of fracture and treatment. The analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-squared test, Bonferroni test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whiney tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This study examined 566 facial fractures in 464 children of 18 years of age or less. The majority of fractures were observed in children within the age group of 13-18 years of age. Bicycle accidents were the major cause of trauma, followed by falls. The mandible was found to be the most common fractured bone in the facial skeleton, followed by the nose. A conservative approach was applied in most cases.

Facial fractures in the elderly: a retrospective study in a hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly has been noted, as a consequence of increased longevity, resulting in a higher percentage of elderly people in the population. METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken to assess facial fractures in elderly presenting during the period 2000 to 2002 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The data collected included age, gender, etiology, date of trauma, maxillofacial trauma, anatomic site of fracture, and treatment. The statistical analysis involved evaluation of measures of central tendency and variability and calculation of proportions. RESULTS It encountered 165 facial fractures in 122 elderly aged 60 years or older. The majority of fractures were sustained by elderly in the age group 60 years to 69 years. Falls was the major cause of trauma followed by car accidents. The mandible was found to be the most common fractured bone in the facial skeleton, followed by the zygomatic complex. A conservative approach was accomplished in the most of cases. CONCLUSION Gender was associated with the presence or absence of fractures and with the etiology. There was no association between age and fractures. No association was found between etiology and age for women and men. The proportion of fractures of the zygomatic arch, mandible body, and parasymphysis treated surgically were statistically higher than the same proportion among the cases of other fractures. The fractures of the nose were more often treated conservatively than other fractures.

Dermoid Cyst of the Floor of the Mouth

Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth are rare lesions thought to be caused by entrapment of germinal epithelium during the closure of the mandibular and hyoid branchial arches. They usually present as a nonpainful swelling. This type of lesion occurs more frequently in patients between 15 and 35 years, but can be seen in all age ranges. Histologically, all dermoids are lined by epidermis. The contents of the cyst lining determine the histological categories of the cyst: epidermoid, if epidermis is lining the cyst; dermoid, if skin annexes exist; or teratoid, if there are tissues derivated from the three germinal layers. Anatomical classification is useful for surgical approach choice, intra- or extraorally. This report presents a case of a dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth in a 12-year-old patient, and a review of all steps necessary for its diagnosis and treatment was made.

Tracheotomy for a foreign body in the larynx

IntroductionIn the normal population, inadvertently swallowed foreign objects enter the gastrointestinal tract more frequently than the tracheobronchial tree. There is a typical patient population that is at higher risk for aspiration.DiscussionSequelae may range from relatively benign partial obstruction to the immediately life-threatening total airway obstruction. Foreign objects lodged in the upper aspect of the trachea may be retrieved with simple instrumentation.ConclusionSome cases may complicate and may require direct access through a tracheotomy, as the case shown in this paper.

Osteomielitis crónica supurativa en el maxilar superior: reporte de un caso clínico

espanolLa Osteomielitis es una infeccion del tejido oseo que involucra a todas las estructuras del hueso provocada por microorganismos. El cuadro clinico se caracteriza generalmente por la presencia de fistula de drenaje, dolor intenso, inflamacion, movilidad de los dientes involucrados en la zona afectada, fiebre y edema. El tratamiento consiste en medicamentoso y/o quirurgico. En este articulo se presenta un caso de Osteomielitis cronica supurativa en el maxilar superior, que acomete a un paciente del sexo femenino de 82 anos, en el cual se discuten los aspectos diagnosticos e histopatologicos como el tratamiento correspondiente del caso. EnglishOsteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that involves all structures of the bone caused by microorganisms. The clinical picture is generally characterized by the presence of fistula drainage, severe pain, swelling, mobility of teeth involved in the affected area, fever and edema. Treatment involves medication and / or surgery. This article presents a case of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in the maxilar superior of a female 82 years old patient, as well as a discussion of clinical and histopathological aspects and the treatment employed.

Dientes neonatales: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Los dientes natales y neonatales son anomalias relativamente raras en los recien nacidos, que pueden causar trastornos en la alimentacion, ulceraciones traumaticas sublinguales (enfermedad de Riga-Fede) y preocupaciones en cuanto a la aspiracion de los mismos. La diferencia entre los dientes natales y neonatales esta en el momento de la erupcion. Los dientes natales son dientes que aparecen en la cavidad oral en el momento del nacimiento y los dientes neonatales son los que aparecen durante las primeras semanas de vida. El objetivo de este articulo es presentar a traves de una revision de la literatura, los aspectos mas relevantes de los dientes neonatales y la presentacion de un caso clinico de un recien nacido con pocos dias de vida con diente neonatal, donde el tratamiento aplicado fue la extraccion.

Quiste nasolabial: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El quiste nasolabial es un raro quiste no odontogenico, su origen embriologico es poco claro. Son lesiones de crecimiento extraoseo, que se presentan como una tumefaccion que eleva el ala nasal, indoloro, desplazable y fluctuante. Se localiza en la apofisis alveolar cercana a la base del ala de la nariz. El tratamiento consiste en la enucleacion quirurgica de la lesion. En este articulo se presenta un caso de quiste nasolabial, que acomete a una paciente de sexo femenino de 51 anos de edad, de la cual se discuten los datos clinicos, aspectos diagnosticos, imagenologicos, histopatologicos, asi como su tratamiento.