L. R. Molina

Mastite subclínica e relação da contagem de células somáticas com número de lactações, produção e composição química do leite em vacas da raça Holandesa

The subclinical mastitis occurrence and the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) with parity, milk yield and milk chemical composition, were studied in Holstein cows. The study was carried out in farms belonging to the milk control program of the Associacao de Criadores de Gado Holandes de Minas Gerais. Data on lactation order, subclinical mastitis, SCC, milk production, fat contents and total protein contents were analyzed. There was a negative correlation between SCC and milk production and, correlations between SCC and percentage of fat and protein were positive. Higher lactation order cows showed higher SCC, and cows with SCC higher than 100,000 cels/ml showed less milk production.

Características de fermentação da silagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com uréia, zeólita, inoculante bacteriano e inoculante bacteriano/enzimático

The characteristics of fermentation of sugarcane (RB72454) submitted to the treatments control; 0.5% urea; 0.5% zeolita; 0.5% urea and 0.5% zeolita; commercial bacterial inoculant and commercial bacterial/enzymatic inoculant were studied. The material stored in silos was opened on 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of fermentation and was analysed for grades of MS, soluble carbohydrates, PB, NNH3/NT, pH, FDN, FDA, cellulosis, hemicellulosis, lignin and DIVMS. The reduction of the MS content of the silos was observed, with average of 21.1% compared to the original material (28.7%). The concentration of carbohydrates soluble on the original material was 19.7% and, after 56 days of fermentation, it was 0.92%. The concentration of PB in the control silage and treated with zeolita, commercial bacterial inoculant and commercial bacterial/enzymatic inoculant varied between 2.1% and 3.1% and in thoses that received urea and urea+zeolita was 8.4%. The grades of NNH3/NT were lower than 10% in the control silage and treated with zeolita, commercial bacterial inoculant and commercial bacterial/enzymatic inoculant. However, they were 30.4% and 31.1% in the silage with urea and urea+zeolita, respectively. On the first day of fermentation, the pH presented average of 3.75. After 56 days of fermentation, the concentration of FDN, FDA, cellulosis and hemicellulosis increased, presenting averages considering the treatments of 68.6%, 39.6%, 34.5% and 29.1%, respectively. The coefficient of DIVMS reduced with the fermentation, in all the evaluated treatments, being of 57.6% in the original material and averaging 47.6% in the silages.

Prevalência e classificação das afecções podais em vacas lactantes na bacia leiteira de Belo Horizonte

The prevalence and classification of clinical foot problems of 469 lactating dairy cows were studied in 10 farms in the dairy region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, managed in confinement systems. A total of 142 cows were considered affected and presented 534 lesions. The prevalence of affected cows was 30.3%, being 66.7% in the hind feet and 33.3% in the fore feet, with no difference between outer claw (49.2%) and inner claw (50.7%). The classification according to lameness showed, 105 animals classified as score 1, 9 as score 2, 15 as score 3, 7 as score 4 and 6 as score 5. Age of cow influenced the prevalence of lesions, but no effect of lactation stage was observed. The most frequent lesion was horn erosion representing 48.5% of the total, followed by interdigital dermatitis (13.5%) and septic pododermatitis (9.6%).

Parâmetros de fermentação de silagens de cana-de-açúcar submetidas a diferentes tratamentos

Os valores de materia seca (MS), pH, teores de N-NH3/NT, acidos orgânicos e etanol, de silagens de cana-de-acucar foram determinados, em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos aplicados a silagens foram: sem aditivo, testemunha (T); 0,5% de ureia (U); 0,5% de zeolita (Z); 0,5% de ureia mais 0,5% de zeolita (U+Z); inoculante bacteriano/enzimatico Bio Max® cana (IBB) e inoculante bacteriano Silobac® (IBS). As silagens foram analisadas aos 56 dias apos ensilagem. Os tratamentos U e U+Z apresentaram concentracoes medias de acido latico mais altas que o T, respectivamente 8,9 e 4,7g%. Os teores de etanol das silagens aditivadas foram semelhantes aos do tratamento T, respectivamente 12,4 e 12,9g%, sugerindo que nao houve reducao da fermentacao alcoolica no material tratado. Com excecao da ureia, nenhum dos outros aditivos utilizados neste experimento promoveu melhoria de parâmetros qualitativos das silagens avaliadas. O efeito benefico da ureia sobre a qualidade da silagem de cana parece ter sido limitado, nao suprimindo a ocorrencia do processo de fermentacao alcoolica no material.

Qualidade das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench) em diferentes estádios de maturaçäo

In order to evaluate the quality of sorghum silages, six genotypes of this crop were cultivated and ensiled at three different times of harvesting. The genotypes evaluated were BR 601, BR 303, BR 304, AG 2006, BR 700 and BRS 701. The sorghum hybrids were ensiled in laboratory silos made of PVC tubes. Eighteen treatments, six hybrids in three different times of harvesting, with four repetitions were analysed in a totally randomized design. The original material was analysed for dry matter. At the opening of the silos, pH and ammonia nitrogen were determined and the silages were analysed for dry matter, crude protein and fibrous fractions. In all treatments, differences between the dry matter content in periods 1 and 2 and periods 1 and 3 were observed. Differences between hybrids (P<0.05) for dry matter content in the same period were also found. The lowest value was BR 601, period 1 (20.8%), and the highest was BR 304, period 3 (49.1%). The pH values achieved were between 3.6 and 3.9. Significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments and periods of harvesting were observed. In all treatments, the silages presented good fermentation patterns based on ammonia nitrogen content. The BR 601 showed the lowest value of crude protein (5.6%) and the highest value was shown by BR 304 (8.4%). In all hybrids the silages showed good fermentation patterns and were considered of good quality. The fibrous fraction content did not change with the age of the plant. All hybrids must be ensiled at the early-dough stage, except for BR 601 that must be ensiled at the late-dough stage.

Perdas econômicas ocasionadas pelas enfermidades podais em vacas leiteiras confinadas em sistema free stall

Fifty-five clinical cases of lameness were evaluated in 100 lactating cows housed in a free-stall system during one year. The most observed affections were sole and heel abscesses, sole ulcers and digital dermatitis that accounted for 87.3% (48/55) of the occurrences. The treated cows showed satisfactory recovery (24.5 average days) without culling. The total individual cost including treatment and reduction of milk production was US

Parâmetros de degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca e da proteína bruta das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), com e sem tanino no grão, avaliados pela técnica in situ

95.80/cow or US

Avaliação agronômica de seis híbridos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

52.69 per housed cow/year. When reproductive losses and mastitis were considered an additional cost of US

Efeito do tanino na degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench) ensilados no estádio de gräo pastoso

227.94 per lameness cow was estimated. The total additional annual cost from sequels of lameness was US

Utilização da vacina Escherichia coli J5 na imunização de vacas leiteiras contra mastites causadas por E. coli

12.536.70 or US