N.M. Rodriguez

Consumo e digestibilidade de subprodutos do processamento de frutas em ovinos

ABSTRACT - This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the nutritive value of byproducts of fruit processor. Byproducts ofpineapple, west indian cherry (WIC), guava, passion fruit and melon were evaluated. Twenty sheep castrated males, with average weightof 34.5 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments (byproducts) and four replications. Dry matter intakes(DMI) of byproducts of guava, passion fruit and melon by the animals were similar but higher than WIC byproduct. The highest cr udeprotein intake (CPI) (g/animal/day, g/BW 0.75 ) was observed in passion fruit and melon byproducts, while WIC byproduct the lowestCPI. Guava byproduct showed the higher intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and passion frui tbyproduct showed the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) coefficient. Guava and WIC byproducts showed ADMSlower than the others. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP) of passion fruit and melon byproducts werehigher than the others byproducts. As for, the coefficients of apparent digestibility of NDF (ADNDF) and ADF (ADADF), WIC andguava byproducts were lower while passion fruit byproduct showed ADNDF and ADADF higher than the others. No difference amongevaluates byproducts for nitrogen balance was observed. Results showed that; pineapple, passion fruit and melon byproducts coul dbe used in ruminant diets. However, WIC and guava byproducts showed low nutrient digestibility coefficients, restricting their usein ruminant diets.Key Words: byproducts, digestibility, intake, sheep

Concentrados protéicos para bovinos: 1. Digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca e da proteína bruta

This work aimed to determine the in situ rumen digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) using 10 protein sources. Potential degradabilities of DM and CP of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, castorbean meal and palmist coconut meal were high (around 100%), however due to higher fractional degradation rates of soybean meal (10%) and lower for cottonseed meal (4%), castorbean meal (DM:3%, CP:1.2%) and palmist meal (1.7%), the effective degradability (ED) of soybean was significantly higher despite the rates of passage, showing this protein source has the highest ruminal nitrogen availability (from 86% to 63%, as rate of passage increased from 2 to 8%). Gluten meal is a low rumen degradable protein source (ED of CP: 16% for 0.05 passage rate). Among protein sources of animal origin, the highest potential CP degradability was observed for meat and bone meal (75.5%), followed by fish meal I (58.5%), feather and viscera meal (52.3%), and blood meal (36.7%). The highest ED for a passage rate of 5% was observed for meat and bone meal (51%), followed by fish meal I (41%), feather and viscera meal (40%) and blood meal (33%). Fish meal II showed very low rumen degradability with only 22% of CP disappearance at 48 hours of incubation.

Ligninas: métodos de obtenção e caracterização química

This review presents a short history of the study of the lignins. There are also various methods for isolation and quantification of functional groups in lignins by chemical and physical methods being presented.

Valor nutritivo das silagens de capim-elefante com diferentes níveis de subprodutos da indústria do suco de caju

This trial was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nutritive value of the silage of elephantgrass by the addition of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48% of cashew bagasse (by-product of the cashew juice agro-industry). A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. After 82 days, the silos were opened and samples were collected for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), pH and levels of N-NH3 of the silage. The addition of the cashew bagasse (BC) decreased the pH and N-NH3 values and increased the PB grade of the silage. The level of ADF and HEM did not change in function of different additions. It was concluded that the cashew bagasse improves the nutritive value of the silage and provides better conservation of silage.

Avaliação nutricional do subproduto da agroindústria de abacaxi como aditivo de silagem de capim-elefante

The present study aimed to determine de nutritional value of mixed elephant grass silages in increasing levels with dehydrated pineapple industry by-product (PAB). Five PAB levels (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, and 14.0%) were tested with 20 male non-castrated sheep in a randomized experimental design of five treatments (PAB levels) and four replications per treatment (sheep). Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HCEL) and energy as well as nitrogen balance were determined. Linear increases on the DM, CP intake and digestible energy occurred as the PAB content increased in the silage. For every increase of 1% of PAB in the silage, increments of 16.17 g and 1.55 g of DM and CP intakes, respectively, were observed. The addition of PAB in the silage increased the DDM, DCP and DE intake. However, the nutrients digestibility remained unchanged. Mean values were 53.3%, 42.1%, 55.2% and 2.92 g/day for DM, CP, NDF and NB, respectively. NB was positive only with PAB in the rations. It is concluded that additions of PAB in the elephant grass silage up to a level of 14% in a natural basis increases the digestible nutrients intake.

Relação entre pressão e volume para implantação da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases na avaliação de forrageiras tropicais

O trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar o procedimento inicial para a instalacao da tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases em diferentes laboratorios, ou seja, estabelecer uma equacao que estime o volume (V) de gases produzidos no interior dos frascos por meio de dados de pressao (P) e V, obtidos manualmente durante a fermentacao de diferentes substratos. Foram utilizadas sete forrageiras: feno de Cynodon dactylon (tifton 85), Brachiaria brizantha (braquiarao), Neonotonia wightii (soja perene) e silagens de quatro genotipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), que geraram 1036 dados de P e V. A equacao relacionando V e P obtida foi: V = -0,004 (s.e. 0,06) + 4,43P (s.e. 0,043) + 0,051 P2(s.e. 0,007), R2 = 0,99, a qual permitiu a instalacao da tecnica in vitro semi-automatica de producao de gases no laboratorio de nutricao animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinaria da UFMG.

Avaliação do feno de Arachis pintoi utilizando o ensaio de digestibilidade in vivo

Six sheep were used to evaluate intake and total apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHO), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non fibrous carboidratos (NFC), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HCEL) and energy of Arachis pintoi hay. Nitrogen balance was also determined. Animals were kept in metabolic cages and received A. pintoi hay plus mineral salt. The Arachis pintoi was harvested with approximately 100 days. The supply of the hay was ad libitum with 20% allowed refusals. The experiment had 15 days of adaptation period and five days for sampling of hay, refusals, feces and urine samples. Chromium oxide was used as external marker to estimate fecal production. The intake of DM and OM of A. pintoi was 90.17 and 85.67 g/kg0.75, respectively. The crude protein, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and metabolizable energy (EM) were, respectively, 14.3%, 66.4% and 2.0 Mcal/kg DM. The nitrogen (N) balance was 12.1 g/day and represented 40.2% of total intake N. The total apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, EE, CHO, NDF, NFC, ADF, CEL, HCEL and energy were 64.4, 68.4, 70.0, 63.4, 68.2, 53.6, 93.3, 47.2, 62.8, 66.8 and 63.7%, respectively. The Arachis pintoi hay showed high intake of digestible nutrients for a tropical legume forages, what gives support for its use in the feeding of ruminants.

Consumo e digestibilidade de novilhos Nelore sob pastagem suplementados com misturas múltiplas

The effect of three multiple mixtures supplementation on intake, digestibility and performance of Nelore steers grazing pasture of Brachiaria decumbens CV Marandu was studied. The multiple mixtures (treatments - T) were defined as: T1 - 800g of supplement with urea as crude protein source, T2 - 800g of mixture in which urea was replaced by starea, T3 - 1500g of starea, and T4 - mineral salt fed ad libitum as a control group. Six animals per treatment were given chromic oxide as a marker to measure intake and 10 animals per treatment were used to evaluate their performance. Two esophageal fistulated steers were used to collect samples of extruse. The animals fed on supplement diets showed higher weight gains (335, 419, 467g/animal) than those from the control group (271g/animal). Dry matter digestibility were 56.7, 49.8, 48.9 and 45.5%, respectively, for T1, T2, T3 and T4. A positive correlation between dry matter digestibility and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P<0.05) was observed. Supplementation with multiple mixtures increased dry matter intake (P<0.05).

Características químicas e digestibilidade in vitro de silagens de girassol

Silages of thirteen cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were evaluated for chemical characteristics and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The silages were produced when the plants presented above 90% of ripe grains. The experimental procedure followed a entirely randomized design and the mean values were compared by SNK test (P<.05). The smallest content of dry matter, 19.8%, was obtained for the hybrid M737, and the highest were observed for Contiflor 7, with 31.2%, and Cargill 11, with 32.2%. The pH values varied from 4.1 up to 5.5, and the contents of ammonia-nitrogen as percentage of total nitrogen varied from 5.9% up to 14.6%. The general averages obtained for lactic, acetic and butyric acids were of 7.1%, 1.9% and 0.06%, respectively. The hybrid Rumbosol 91 presented the smallest percentage of crude protein, with 7.2%, while contents above 9.0% were observed for five cultivars. The general average of ether extract (EE), 14.7%, was quite high when compared to others contents usually obtained for roughage. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin presented general averages of 45.8%, 35.7% and 6.4%, and were negatively correlated to IVDMD (general average of 49.8%). The silages presented low concentrations of residual soluble carbohydrates. The high contents of ADF and lignin, and the average of IVDMD (49.8%) can restrict the application of the silages of those cultivars of sunflower for more the exigent categories of animals, and the high medium content of EE can limit the level of inclusion of those silages in bovine rations.

Composição química e valor nutritivo da soja crua e submetida a diferentes processamentos térmicos para suínos em crescimento

A metabolism trial was conducted to evaluate the digestibility rate and energy values of thermal processed soybean for growing pigs. Twenty barrows with an initial average weight of 37.67± 3.33kg were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted in a reference diet and four experimental diets. The feedstuffs evaluated were soybean meal, extruded semi-integral soybean, expanded integral soybean and micronized integral soybean. These ingredients replaced 25% of the reference diet. The values of digestibility energy and apparent digestibility rates of crude energy, crude protein, dry matter and ether extract of the feeds were: 3583kcal/kg, 85.2%, 90.8%, 85.7% and 69.3% for soybean meal; 4065kcal/kg, 83.6%, 86.1%, 81.9% and 81.5% for extruded semi-integral soybean; 3803kcal/kg, 75.2%, 73.9%, 74.4% and 80.4% for expanded integral soybean; 5272kcal/kg, 95.3%, 95.2%, 93.2% and 94.3% for micronized integral soybean. The expansion process was not adequate for integral soybean, which showed the worst digestibility rate. The extrusion and the micronization processes of semi-integral and integral soybean respectively, were efficient to inactivate the antinutritional factors and to improve the digestibility. The results obtained with the micronization process were better than those of the others thermal processes.