L. S. Gal'braikh

Fibre Chemisorbents Based on Modified Graft Copolymers of Cellulose and Polycaproamide

A general characterization of chemisorption fibres with complexing properties is given. The specific features of the effect of the polymer matrix of fibre chemisorbents manufactured by hydrazidation of graft copolymers of cellulose (or polycaproamide) and polyacrylonitrile on the sorption properties, selectivity of sorption of metal ions, and stability of the properties in conditions simulating the conditions of use are examined.

Effect of Biologically Active Polymer Compounds on the Supramolecular Structure of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films

The supramolecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol films containing the proteolytic enzyme protease C, polyhexamethyleneguanidine salt as antimicrobial, and sodium alginate and/or tetraborate was investigated by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The plasticizing effect of the biologically substances and determining effect of the conformation of polyhexamethyleneguanidine salt on the supramolecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol films was demonstrated.

Pharmacokinetic Properties of Fibre Materials Modified by Co-Immobilization of Different Biologically Active Substances

The possibility of manufacturing dressings with a combined biological action by modifying fibre materials of different types with combined immobilization of an enzyme — protease C — and a polymeric antimicrobial — polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride or polyethyleneimine with glutaraldehyde — was demonstrated. It was shown that with respect to the maximum stability of the enzyme, the fibre materials used for immobilization of protease C together with PEI or PHMG are in the order: PCA > CG > CG—PE. It was found that fibre materials containing immobilized protease C and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride or polyethyleneimine exhibit a higher level of activity than the native enzyme at pH 6-9 corresponding to the conditions of use.

Polyfunctional Biologically Active Polyvinyl Alcohol Film Materials

Incorporation of sodium alginate in the spinning solution in the amount of 2% decreases the rate of inactivation of protease C immobilized in the structure of a polyvinyl alcohol film material by two times and decreases the amount of desorbed polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride by ten times, giving the film self-disinfecting properties. Addition of sodium tetraborate in the spinning solution increases the PHMG desorption rate by 1.5-4.5 times. When PHMG with a molecular weight of 10,000 is used, total desorption of the antimicrobial from the film materials can be obtained. When modifying additives are used (sodium alginate and tetraborate), the optimum pH of the action of the protease immobilized in the structure of the film is shifted to the region of lower values (pH 8), which increases the efficiency of the action of the enzyme-containing film material in the conditions of use.

Study of the Possibility of Processing Cotton Cellulose in Bulk for Fabrication of Viscose Fibre

The duration of preripening was determined by estimating the kinetics of degradation of alkaline cellulose fabricated by bulk mercerization of cotton cellulose. Combined mercerization and preripening, xanthation, and dissolution of cellulose xanthate were conducted in the conditions of the VA equipment, and the basic characteristics of the viscose were determined. It was found that spinning a standard solution into a spinning bath produces viscose fibre with satisfactory physicochemical indexes.

Fabrication of Biologically Active Fibre Materials with Predetermined Properties

A method was developed for fabrication of fibre materials having a proteolytic and antimicrobial action with controlled drug release. A correlation was established between the composition of the polymer composite and the type of polymer matrix and the properties of the materials (activity, stability, kinetics of drug release).

Characteristics of Fireproofing and Combustion of Multicomponent Fibre Systems

Fireproofing treatment of knitted fabric made of a blend of wool and Spandex or Fenilon fibres with metal-containing flame retardants (sodium tungstate or potassium hexafluorotitanate) increases the oxygen index to 32.8-53%. Incorporation of titanium compounds in blended material increases its carbonizing power, intensifies the dehydration reaction, and reduces heat release in thermolysis. The fireproofed wool fibre in the material acts as a polymeric flame retardant that decreases discharge of hot gaseous products of thermolysis of multicomponent fibre systems.

Fabrication of textile materials with a combined biological effect

Formation of a protease C—polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride polyelectrolyte complex was demonstrated by nephelometry and an analysis of the activity, stability, and physicochemical properties of immobilized protease C. The effect of the composition of the polymer composite used for modification of fibre polymer supports on the properties of the materials obtained was investigated. It was shown that cellulose and polyester fibre materials fabricated by the method developed and containing immobilized protease C and the high-molecular-weight antimicrobial polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride have prolonged enzyme and antimicrobial activity.

Fabrication of modified fibre materials containing biologically active substances

The effect of the composition of a polymer composite used for treating unmodified textile material and the structure of the fibre matrix on the properties of the material obtained, which contains the proteolytic enzyme protease C and low-molecular-weight antimicrobial substances, was investigated. The factors that affect the biological activity and stability of biologically active fibre materials and the kinetics of separation of biologically active substance from them were established. The composition of the polymer composites which makes it possible to obtain fibre materials with long-lasting complex biological activity resistant to sterilization with γ-irradiation was determined.

Production and Heat Treatment of Yarn from Copolyamide Based on Poly-(p-Phenylene Terephthalamide)

Fibres made of an aromatic rigid-chain copolyamide based on PPTA were manufactured by spinning through an air gap from liquid-crystalline sulfuric-acid solutions. In heat treatment under tension, marked structural changes take place in Armalon copolymeric fibres which significantly increase their strength and modulus of elasticity.