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Dive into the research topics where Lara Maistrello is active.

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Featured researches published by Lara Maistrello.


Journal of Chemical Ecology | 2001

Nootkatone is a repellent for Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus).

Betty C. R. Zhu; Gregg Henderson; Feng Chen; Lara Maistrello; Roger A. Laine

We examined the behavior of Formosan subterranean termites toward one of the components of vetiver grass oil, the roots of which manufacture insect repellents. We found nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, isolated from vetiver oil is a strong repellent and toxicant to Formosan subterranean termites. The lowest effective concentration tested was 10 μg/g substrate. This is the first report of nootkatone being a repellent to insects.


Apidologie | 2008

Screening of natural compounds for the control of nosema disease in honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Lara Maistrello; Cecilia Costa; Francesco Leonardi; Giovanna Marani; Mauro Caldon; Franco Mutinelli; Anna Granato

The potential of some natural compounds (thymol, vetiver essential oil, lysozyme, resveratrol) for the control of nosema infection in honeybees was evaluated. A first trial aimed at screening substances, in candy preparations, on the basis of their toxicity to honeybees and bees’ dietary preferences. None of the tested substances showed an increased bee mortality or decreased bee preference, and were therefore considered suitable for further testing. In the second trial the effects of the natural compounds on nosema diseased honeybees were evaluated: bees were individually dosed with nosema spores and fed candies prepared with the screened substances. The results showed that bees fed with thymol and resveratrol candies had significantly lower infection rates, and bees supplied with resveratrol prepared candy also lived significantly longer. We suggest that thymol and resveratrol could be useful in alternative strategies for the control of nosema disease.ZusammenfassungEffektive Wirkstoffe zur Bekämpfung der Nosemose werden europaweit dringend benötigt, da es keine zugelassenen Präparate gibt und sich die Krankheit zunehmend ausbreitet. Die Nosemose ist ein weltweites Problem für die Bienenhaltung. Die Krankheit wird durch die Mikrosporidien Nosema apis Zander und Nosema ceranae Fries verursacht, wobei sie als obligate Parasiten des Darmepithels die adulten Bienen schädigen. Die Ansteckung erfolgt über Sporen, die in großer Menge im Kot von kranken Bienen nachweisbar sind. Sie sind länger als ein Jahr in Waben und Wasser infektiös und können zusätzlich über Trophallaxis verbreitet werden. Das einzige bisher wirksame Produkt zur Bekämpfung der Nosemose ist das Antibiotikum Fumagillin, das aber in vielen Ländern verboten ist. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, verschiedene Naturstoffe, die ohne das Risiko einer Rückstandsbildung in Bienenprodukten eingesetzt werden können, hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit gegen die Nosemose zu testen. Da von Thymol, Vetiveröl, Lysozym und Resveratrol bereits Berichte über inhibitorische Wirkungen auf Mikrosporidien vorlagen, wurden diese für die Tests ausgewählt und den Bienen über das Futter appliziert. In einem ersten Versuch wurden die Substanzen in zwei unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen hinsichtlich der toxischen Effekte und ihrer Akzeptanz als Futterzusatz geprüft. Jeweils 20 Bienen wurden in kleinen Holzkäfigen bei 33 °C und 70 % RF im Dunkeln gehalten und die Futterabnahme sowie die Anzahl toter Bienen bis zum elften Tag erfasst. Dabei wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen den unterschiedlich gefütterten Versuchsgruppen festgestellt (Abb. 1, 2). In einem zweiten Versuch wurden Nosema-freie Bienen einzeln mit 1 μL einer sporenhaltigen Zuckerlösung mit jeweils 18000 N. ceranae Sporen gefüttert. 30 Bienen pro Käfig wurden mit Zuckerteig, der jeweils die höchste getestete Konzentration der o. a. Substanzen enthielt, gefüttert. Aus jedem Käfig wurden 8, 13, 19 und 25 Tage nach Versuchsbeginn je 2 Bienen entnommen und deren Sporenbelastung bestimmt, um die Entwicklung der Nosemainfektion zu verfolgen. Zusätzlich wurde täglich die Anzahl toter Bienen registriert, um die Überlebensraten zu berechnen. Die mit Resveratrol gefütterten Bienen wiesen eine signifikant höhere mittlere Überlebenszeit auf (Abb. 3, Tab. II). Bei Bienen, die mit Resveratrol und Thymol gefüttert wurden, kam es am letzten Untersuchungszeitpunkt (Tag 25) zu einer Reduzierung des Nosema-Infektionsgrades, während in den anderen Gruppen die Anzahl an Sporen zunahm (Tab. III). Bei den mit Thymol gefütterten Bienen war die Sporenkonzentration zu allen Untersuchungszeitpunkten am geringsten. Es scheint, dass Thymol und Resveratrol geeignete Substanzen sind, um die Entwicklung des Parasiten zu hemmen. Thymol wird bereits als wirksames Akarizid gegen Varroa-Milben in der Imkerpraxis eingesetzt und Resveratrol ist bekannt für seine spezifischen antioxidativen Eigenschaften, die in anderen Versuchen bereits zur Verlängerung der Lebensdauer kleiner Invertebraten geführt haben.


Journal of Economic Entomology | 2001

Efficacy of vetiver oil and nootkatone as soil barriers against Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

Lara Maistrello; Gregg Henderson; Roger A. Laine

Abstract Vetiver oil and its components nootkatone and cedrene were assessed as sand treatments for their efficacy to disrupt food recruitment by Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Termites were required to tunnel through sand treated with vetiver oil, nootkatone, cedrene, or untreated sand to reach a food source. Results showed that sand treated with vetiver oil or nootkatone disrupted termite tunneling behavior. As a consequence, after 21 d, wood consumption and termite survival were significantly lower compared with cedrene-treated or untreated sand treatments. Sand treated with vetiver oil or nootkatone at 100 μg/g substrate were effective barriers to termites.


Apidologie | 2010

Effect of thymol and resveratrol administered with candy or syrup on the development of Nosema ceranae and on the longevity of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in laboratory conditions

Cecilia Costa; Lara Maistrello

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and resveratrol administered in two different formulation modes (candy and syrup) on the development of Nosema ceranae and on the longevity of honey bees. Emerging bees from a nosema-free apiary were individually infected with 1 μL of sucrose syrup containing 18000 spores of N. ceranae, placed in cages, and kept in an incubator at 33 °C and 65% RH. The experimental groups were fed candy or syrup prepared with thymol (100 ppm) or resveratrol (10 ppm). Infection levels were monitored over a 25 day period by removal and dissection of two live bees per cage. On day 25, post-infection bees fed with thymol syrup had significantly lower levels of infection (60 ± 9 million spores/bee) compared to control bees (138 ± 7 million spores/bee). Bees fed with thymol or resveratrol syrup lived significantly longer (23 and 25 days, respectively) than bees fed with control syrup (20 days). Thymol treated syrup appears to be promising in the control of nosema infection.ZusammenfassungDer Parasit Nosema ceranae, ursprünglich von der asiatischen Honigbiene Apis cerana stammend, ist in den letzten Jahren in Honigbienen europäischer Abstammung auf der ganzen Welt nachgewiesen worden und wird von einigen Autoren auch für den plötzlichen Zusammenbruch von Völkern verantwortlich gemacht. In einem vorhergegangenen Experiment untersuchten wir einige natürliche Substanzen auf ihre Wirkung auf eine Nosema-Infektion und fanden einen vielversprechenden hemmenden Effekt von Thymol und Resveratrol, die in Zuckerteig verabreicht wurden. In dieser Untersuchung verglichen wir den Effekt von Thymol (100 ppm) und Resveratrol (10 ppm) auf den Infektionsverlauf von künstlich mit N. ceranae infizierten Bienen in zwei verschiedenen Verabreichungsformen, Zuckerteig und Sirup.Frisch geschlüpfte Nosema-freie Arbeiterinnen wurden individuell mit 1 μL Saccharosesirup gefüttert, der 18 000 N. ceranae Sporen enthielt. Die Entwicklung der Infektion wurde beobachtet, indem aus jedem Käfig zu den Beobachtungszeitpunkten an Tag 8, 13, 19 und 25 p.i. zwei lebende Bienen entnommen und seziert wurden; die Zahl der toten Bienen wurde täglich protokolliert. Die Ergebnisse der Überlebensanalyse (Abb. 1, Tab. I) zeigten, dass 12 Tage nach Beginn des Experiments in allen Gruppen noch etwa 90 % der Bienen am Leben waren, unabhängig von der verabreichten aktiven Substanz oder der Verabreichungsform. Am Ende des Experiments gab es dagegen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Behandlungsformen, da Bienen, die mit Sirup gefüttert wurden, der Thymol oder Resveratrol enthielt, signifikant länger überlebten (Median der Überlebenszeit 23 Tage, bzw. 25 Tage) als Bienen, die Kontrollsirup erhielten (Median der Überlebenszeit 20 Tage) oder Bienen, die mit Kontroll-Zuckerteig oder Substanz-Zuckerteig gefüttert wurden.Die Sporenbelastungen am letzten Beobachtungszeitpunkt (25 d) waren signifikant unterschiedlich, wobei Bienen, die mit Thymol-Sirup oder — Teig gefüttert wurden, am wenigsten Sporen hatten (Tab. II). Bei Bienen, die mit Thymol gefüttert wurden, war die Entwicklung der Infektion deutlich langsamer als in den anderen Gruppen. Am Ende des Experiments traten die höchsten bzw. niedrigsten Infektionsniveaus bei Kontrollzuckerteig bzw. Thymolsirup auf (138,33 ± 6,74 bzw. 60,16 ± 9,17 Millionen Sporen pro Biene ± SE). Thymol, entweder in Sirup oder in Zuckerteig verabreicht, war deutlich in der Lage, die Entwicklung von N. ceranae im Mitteldarm zu verzögern. Es wurde vermutet, dass Thymol die Entwicklung der Infektion durch Perforation der Plasmamembran behindert. Die von jeder Biene durchschnittlich täglich aufgenommene Dosis war 3,2 × 10−3 mg: diese Menge erschien ausreichend, um die Entwicklung der Infektion zu verhindern. Das längere Überleben der mit Resveratrol gefütterten Bienen, in denen die Sporenbelastung sich nicht von den Kontrollbienen unterschied, könnte durch die spezifischen lebens verlängernden anti-oxidativen Eigenschaften dieser Substanz erklärt werden. In der Tat konnte gezeigt werden, dass Resveratrol die Lebensspanne einiger Invertebraten verlängern kann, indem es Enzyme aktiviert, die das Überleben von Zellen fördern. Das Füttern von Bienenvölkern mit Thymol könnte eine effektive Maßnahme sein, um Nosema-Infektionen zu vermindern.


Journal of Pest Science | 2015

A pest alien invasion in progress: potential pathways of origin of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys populations in Italy

Michele Cesari; Lara Maistrello; Francesco Ganzerli; Paride Dioli; Lorena Rebecchi; Roberto Guidetti

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an agricultural and household pest native of far East. In the last years, it has spread to and established in countries outside its area of origin, most notably in North America (United States and Canada), causing severe economic losses in agricultural crops. Recently, H. halys has been found in Europe (Switzerland, Germany, France, Hungary, and Greece) and since September 2012, it has also been found in Italy. However, the modalities of introduction and spreading of this pest on the Italian territory are unknown. Tracing back the diffusion modes of the species by analyzing the genetic structure and composition of populations in their initial phase of colonization could be useful also in the view to implement better pest control strategies. The present study aimed to identify the potential pathways of entry of H. halys by detecting the genetic diversity of specimens collected from Northern Italy and Canton Ticino (Southern Switzerland). The analyses of 1,175 base pairs of mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes (cox1 and cox2) on 42 specimens led to the identification of four combined haplotypes: one, found in Emilia Romagna region, is the same found in China and North America but never observed before in Europe. The other combined haplotypes are new but consistent in part with haplotypes previously found in Switzerland. Present data indicate that the Italian invasion may have occurred from two different pathways, both from Switzerland and from Asia and/or North America.


Amino Acids | 2010

Amino acid content and nectar choice by forager honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

Michele Bertazzini; Piotr Medrzycki; Laura Bortolotti; Lara Maistrello; Giuseppe Forlani

Dual choice feeding tests were performed to determine a preference of forager honeybees for specific amino acids. Artificial nectar containing proline was preferred over those containing only sugars. Nectar containing alanine was preferred on the first day, but preference was no longer significant thereafter. On the contrary, a negative response was found for serine. When the bees were given the choice between two nectars enriched with different compounds, proline was preferred above both alanine and serine, and alanine above serine.


Journal of Invertebrate Pathology | 2011

Negative correlation between Nosema ceranae spore loads and deformed wing virus infection levels in adult honey bee workers.

Cecilia Costa; Gina Tanner; Lara Maistrello; Peter J. Neumann

Interactions between pathogens might contribute to honey bee colony losses. Here we investigated if there is an association between the microsporidian Nosema ceranae and the deformed wing virus (DWV) in different body sections of individual honey bee workers (Apis mellifera ligustica) under exclusion of the vector Varroa destructor. Our data provide correlational evidence for antagonistic interactions between the two pathogens in the midgut of the bees.


Biological Invasions | 2016

Citizen science and early detection of invasive species: phenology of first occurrences of Halyomorpha halys in Southern Europe

Lara Maistrello; Paride Dioli; M. Bariselli; Gian Lorenzo Mazzoli; Isabella Giacalone-Forini

Early detection of invasive alien species and the ability to track their spread are critical for undertaking appropriate management decisions. Citizen science surveys are potentially valuable tools for quickly obtaining information on biodiversity and species distributions. The Asian brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an invasive pest of agricultural crops and a dwelling nuisance. Halyomorpha halys was first recorded in Italy in 2012 in Emilia Romagna, one of the most important fruit producing regions of Europe. To rapidly obtain data on its distribution in the newly invaded area, a survey that combined citizen science and active search was set up using multimedia channels. Data concerning when, where and how the bugs were spotted were collected, together with photographs and specimens. The survey detected established breeding populations in different areas of Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, indicating a potentially high risk for crop damage that extends beyond the territories of first detection. Furthermore, new data on H. halys phenology, host plants, voltinism and behaviour were obtained. The importance of citizen science in early detection of introduced pest species is highlighted. This paper also provides a picture-based key to recognize H. halys from similar pentatomids in the world.


Helminthologia | 2010

Effect of chestnut tannins on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Lara Maistrello; Giacomo Vaccari; N. Sasanelli

SummaryAmong the natural products extracted from plants, tannins have been reported to possess antihelmintic properties especially for gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Also, they are toxic to a wide range of fungi, bacteria and yeasts. Therefore, an in vitro and a glasshouse pot experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of chestnut tannins on the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. In the in vitro experiment, different tannin concentrations in a geometric scale (from 0.32 to 20.48 g/l), were tested for their effect on hatching of the nematode, whereas in the pot experiment, 100, 250 and 450 g/m2 of tannins in aqueous solutions, were used in pots at transplant or at transplant and two weeks later for their effect on nematode control. In both experiments treatments were compared to untreated and fenamiphos-treated controls. In vitro a nematostatic effect of tannins was observed, whereas in the pot experiment a significant reduction of eggs and juveniles/g root, total population density and reproduction rates of the nematode were recorded. The anatomical changes induced by M. javanica in tomato roots treated with tannins did not differ from those produced by this and other Meloidogyne species on various hosts reported earlier.


Journal of Pest Science | 2017

Indigenous arthropod natural enemies of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in North America and Europe

Paul K. Abram; Kim A. Hoelmer; Angelita L. Acebes-Doria; Heather Andrews; Elizabeth H. Beers; J. Christopher Bergh; Ric Bessin; David J. Biddinger; Paul S. Botch; Matthew L. Buffington; Mary L. Cornelius; Elena Costi; Ernest S. Delfosse; Christine Dieckhoff; Rachelyn Dobson; Zachary Donais; Matthew J. Grieshop; George C. Hamilton; Tim Haye; Christopher Hedstrom; Megan V. Herlihy; Mark S. Hoddle; Cerruti R. R. Hooks; Peter Jentsch; Neelendra K. Joshi; Thomas P. Kuhar; Jesús R. Lara; Jana C. Lee; Ana Legrand; Tracy C. Leskey

Since the establishment of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in North America and Europe, there has been a large, multi-group effort to characterize the composition and impact of the indigenous community of arthropod natural enemies attacking this invasive pest. In this review, we combine 98 indigenous natural enemy datasets spanning a variety of sampling methods, habitats, and geographic areas. To date, the vast majority of H. halys biological control research has focused on the egg stage, using sentinel egg masses to characterize indigenous parasitoid and predator communities and their contribution to H. halys egg mortality. Although egg parasitism and predation levels by indigenous natural enemies are low (typically <10% each) in most surveys, total egg mortality attributable to natural enemies can be higher (typically between 5 and 25%; up to 83%)—even though these values were likely underestimated in most cases because some mortality due to biological control was not recognized. In North America, where the most data are available, it appears that the relative prevalence of different indigenous parasitoid species varies among habitat types, particularly between crop and non-crop habitats. Predator species responsible for egg mortality are much less commonly identified, but appear to include a wide variety of generalist chewing and sucking predators. To date, studies of natural enemies attacking H. halys nymphs and adults are relatively rare. Based on our review, we identify a number of key research gaps and suggest several directions for future research.

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Giacomo Vaccari

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

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Elena Costi

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

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Roberto Guidetti

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

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R. Ocete

University of Seville

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Gregg Henderson

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center

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Cecilia Costa

Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura

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Michele Cesari

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

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