Larissa Silva Santos

Human papillomavirus genotypes in asymptomatic young women from public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to survey HPV information from a random population of young women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study included cervical samples from 241 female students. To determine human papillomavirus status, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. HPV typing was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Demographic data, life style, sexual and gynecological history were obtained through use of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS The average age of the women was 19.6 years-old (SD=3.4 years). HPV prevalence was 27.4%. Nineteen different HPV genotypes were detected, including 13 high risk types. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (6.2%), followed by 31 (4.1 %) and 66 (3.7%). Most of the oncogenic types belonged to the A9 species (28/48). The frequency of women infected by at least one oncogenic type was significantly higher than those only infected by low risk types (18.7% versus 7.5%). Cervical changes were detected in 12.5% of the sample and were significantly linked to infection with HPV types of the A9 species. Demographic variables, sexual initiation, or number of sexual partners were not associated with HPV prevalence, variety of HPV genotypes or oncogenic types. CONCLUSIONS The relative frequency of HPV genotypes other than vaccine types in young females should be taken into account when evaluating vaccination strategies. Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection among the population studied, implementation of sex education in schools, promotion of condom use and an organized screening program to prevent cervical cancer must be encouraged for this age group.

Human papillomavirus genotypes distribution in cervical samples from women living with human immunodeficiency virus

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical samples from 140 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women routinely attending an outpatient public gynecological service in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsMY09/11 consensus primers were used to detect generic HPV DNA. HPV typification was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis following polymerase chain reaction amplification.ResultsThe overall HPV prevalence was 60.0%. The identification of 24 different HPV genotypes including uncommon types was performed. A9 oncogenic genotypes were present in 54.02% of HIV-positive women. Abnormal cervical lesions, the time since HIV diagnosis and the number of sexual partners contributed independently to the high oncogenic HPV prevalence. The oncogenic and non-oncogenic group were similarly affected by risk factors in contrast to negative HPV women. The frequency of multiple infections was 20%; furthermore, all of them presented at least one oncogenic type.ConclusionThe analyzed sample represents an epidemiological source of uncommon infection. Due to high HPV prevalence, more frequent cytological screening and/or liberal colposcopic evaluations should be performed in HIV-positive patients.

Detección del papilomavirus humano en citologías cervicales de mujeres atendidas en el Programa de Salud de la Familia

Objectives: to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer...Objectives to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer screening when attended in a Family Health Program. Method we conducted a cross-sectional survey, investigating 351 women. Polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to detect and typify the papillomavirus. Results virus infection was detected in 8.8% of the samples. Among the 21 different genotypes identified in this study, 14 were high risk for cervical cancer, and the type 16 was the most prevalent type. The infection was associated with women who had non-stable sexual partners. Low risk types were associated with younger women, while the high risk group was linked to altered cytology. Conclusion in this sample attended a Family Health Program, we found a low rate of papillomavirus infection. Virus frequency was associated to sexual behavior. However, the broad range of genotypes detected deserves attention regarding the vaccine coverage, which includes only HPV prevalent types.

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de mulheres jovens na fase lútea e folicular do ciclo menstrual

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nutritional status and food intake of healthy young women during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were followed for three months. Their nutritional status was determined by body mass index, body fat and total body water. Six food recall instruments were used to evaluate food group intake according to the food guide pyramid. Food cravings were detected by three daily symptom charts. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and body fat were normal in both phases; however, there was a higher percentage of women with above-average body water during the luteal phase (77%). The consumption of foods from the complementary group was higher during the luteal phase. The consumption of foods from all other groups during both phases was below the recommended levels, except for meats. Food cravings were mild during the entire menstrual cycle and there were no significant differences between the phases. Food cravings were positively associated with increased intake of foods from the complementary group. CONCLUSION: In healthy women, the menstrual cycle influences food consumption and the luteal phase causes water retention.

Human papillomavirus detection in cervical scrapes from women attended in the Family Health Program

Objectives: to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer...Objectives to survey the prevalence of human papillomavirus, associated risk factors and genotype distribution in women who were referred to cervical cancer screening when attended in a Family Health Program. Method we conducted a cross-sectional survey, investigating 351 women. Polymerase chain reaction for DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to detect and typify the papillomavirus. Results virus infection was detected in 8.8% of the samples. Among the 21 different genotypes identified in this study, 14 were high risk for cervical cancer, and the type 16 was the most prevalent type. The infection was associated with women who had non-stable sexual partners. Low risk types were associated with younger women, while the high risk group was linked to altered cytology. Conclusion in this sample attended a Family Health Program, we found a low rate of papillomavirus infection. Virus frequency was associated to sexual behavior. However, the broad range of genotypes detected deserves attention regarding the vaccine coverage, which includes only HPV prevalent types.

Epstein-Barr virus in oral mucosa from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients

OBJECTIVE The detection rate of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is higher in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In an attempt to contribute to our epidemiological understanding of this coinfection and to investigate the activity of EBV in normal oral mucosa, we performed a cross-sectional study with HIV-positive patients. METHODS Oral smears from 145 HIV-positive patients were collected between March 2010 and March 2011. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to genotype EBV and to detect EBNA-2 expression, respectively. RESULTS EBV DNA was detected in 48.3% of the study participants, of whom 32.85% were EBV-1 and 45.71% were EBV-2 carriers. Additionally, 14.28% were coinfected with both types. EBNA-2 mRNA was expressed in 45.7% of the EBV -positive samples, including 20.0% with EBV-1 only, 20.0% with EBV-2 only and 1.4% with both genotypes. Immune status affected the overall EBV infection, and EBV-2 positivity was significantly correlated with sexual lifestyle of the participants. EBV co-infection with both viral types was dependent upon HIV viral load and the activity of the EBNA-2 gene. CONCLUSION We report a high prevalence of active EBV in the oral mucosa of asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals. This study addresses the need for monitoring and treatment of HIV-infected patients with EBV reactivation.

Identification of human papillomavirus type 53 L1, E6 and E7 variants in isolates from Brazilian women.

Human papillomavirus type 53 (HPV 53), which belongs to genus Alpha, species A6, has spread among women worldwide. Although it is classified as a probably high risk type, the association between HPV 53 and the development of neoplastic cervical disease is unclear, and HPV 53 is known to be genomically diverse. We investigated 15 cases of HPV 53 genital infection in women living in the state of Rio de Janeiro that were not associated with severe intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. To trace HPV 53 variants in this geographic area, we characterized the L1, E6 and E7 genes from these isolates, and undertook a phylogenetic analysis based on multiple alignment of their L1 sequences. After amplification and sequence analysis, we identified seven different L1-E6-E7 variants and a L1 co-infected isolate, which taken together had base pair changes at 29 different positions. The co-infected sample presented overlapped peaks at two positions. We also detected two new E6 genomic variants. Several base pair changes in the E6 region resulted in amino acid changes, three of which were non-conservative. The E7 gene was the most conserved sequence among those studied; in contrast, the E6 sequence reached a maximum difference of 2.79%. None of the HPV 53 isolates corresponded to the reference type. Dichotomical branching characteristic of HPV 53 was observed in all of the trees constructed, as well as in the concatenated phylogenetic tree. Probably, these variants pointing to evolutionary process, but they not appear to keep an increasing of pathogenesis Despite the limited number of samples analyzed in our work, we noticed that the same variant was found in more than one woman. Therefore, it is possible that such variants have been circulating in the female population in the state of Rio de Janeiro for a longer time or that due to host or genetic viral factors, these variants can spread more rapidly than others.

High frequency of human papillomavirus type 53 in oral cavity of asymptomatic HIV-infected people.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the benign and malign diseases of the oral cavity, being considered a cofactor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.1 Given the increased risk for HPV-associated oral diseases in HIV-positive patients, screening of HPV in healthy oral mucosa of these patients might be useful for epidemiology, preventive health measures, and treatment options. In this way, we conducted a descriptive, case–control study in 197 individuals aged from 18 to 75 years and asymptomatic for oral lesions. The target group consisted of 77 HIV-positive individuals who attended at the University Hospital’s ambulatory, Niterói City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2010. The control group included 120 volunteers from University Hospital’s blood donors service, located in the

Changes in Taste and Food Intake during the Menstrual Cycle

Background: Dietary changes during the menstrual cycle may be the result of the interference of female hormones on taste; however, little is known about this possible relationship. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the menstrual cycle on taste and food intake among young women. Patients and Methods: Fifty women at childbearing age were followed during three months. Body mass index was used to assess the anthropometric nutritional status. Dietary intake was assessed by applying six dietary records. The taste of volunteers was evaluated in the luteal (LP) and follicular phases (FP) of the menstrual cycle through taste-intensity and constant stimulation tests. In the LP, blood was collected for determination of female hormones, insulin and ghrelin. Data are presented using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation; ANOVA was used to compare means and significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The anthropometric nutritional status of volunteers remained unchanged during the studied phases. Protein was consumed in smaller amounts (p <0.05) in the LP (LP: 66.66 ± 17.85 g/day and FP: 74.01 ± 16.57 g/day). The average intake of minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium were below of the recommendations, while sodium intake was above of the recommended values. In the LP, volunteers showed decreased sensitivity to acid taste. Positive associations in the LP were found between bitter taste perception and the following variables: energy intake (r=0.49; p=0.01), carbohydrate (r=0.46; p=0.01) and lipid (r=0.39; p=0.04). Positive association was found between bitter taste perception and insulin (r=0.36, p=0.04) and negative association between ghrelin and acid taste perception (r=-0.36, p=0.04). Conclusions: The menstrual cycle changed the acid taste perception, which can affect the food choices in the luteal phase and suggests that hormones insulin and ghrelin can influence taste perception, controlling food intake.

Seric ion level and its relationship with the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in young women

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of trematode Aspidogastrea in the freshwater mussels in the Yangtze River basin within Anhui province, China. Methods: We initially harvested the freshwater mussels living in the Yangtze River running through Anhui area, and labeled them with corresponding number. Then the samples were dissected for isolating the flukes, which were identified by conventional staining. Results: Infection rate of trematode Aspidogastrea in freshwater mussels in the Yangtze River basin within the territory of Anhui province was 30.38℅(103/339)in general, and a total of 912 flukes of Aspidogastrea were detected in the 103 mussels, with average infection rate of 8.85 for each mussel. Conclusion: Trematode Aspdogastrea is prevalent in the freshwater bivalves living in the Yangtze River basin running through Anhui area, and the treamatode was identified as Aspidogaster sp. belong to Aspidogaste under Aspidogastridae of Aspidogastrea.Objective: to assess the use of oral nutritional supplements analyzing the reason for prescription and its implication in caloric-protein intake. Setting: study performed at a university hospital of 350 beds with medical and surgical specialties. Subjects, patients: Patients inclusion was done by selecting all starting oral nutritional supplement prescription. Exclusion criteria were being younger than 18 years, being admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, having cognition or communication impairments, being on concomitant parenteral nutrition or requiring complete enteral diet, and/or using nasogastric tube for feeding. We also excluded special enteral diets, specifically designed for certain conditions. Interventions: One-year long prospective study on prescription of oral nutritional supplements. Through clinical chart review and personal interview, we recorded demographic data, nutritional parameters, characteristics of the diet and supplement, and caloricprotein intake prescribed and ingested. The data were introduced in an Access97 database and processed by means of SPSS software for Windows®. We performed a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative variables, a χ2 analysis between qualitative variables, and a comparative analysis between means of all paired data by means of the student’s t test, and variance analysis between quantitative variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: we were only able to analyze 77 out of 130 prescriptions for nutritional supplements since we could not adequately interview the remaining patients, mainly due to neurological impairments. Mean age was 74.8 years (SD = 12) and 50.6% were women. The departments prescribing the highest number of supplements were hematology (22.1%) and internal medicine (20.8%). GI neoplasm was the most frequent diagnosis at admission (27.3%). The most frequent indication was kwashiorkor (45.5%), with 15.6% of patients being well nourished. Mean therapy duration was 11 days (SD = 11.1), and the main reason for termination was hospital discharge (70.1%). The supplement was concomitantly prescribed with the meals in 70.6% of the cases, and more than halfMaterial y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 55 pacientes de 65,4 ± 14,7 anos, 35,7% mujeres y 64,3% varones con un IMC 27,87 ± 5,56 kg/m (0% con IMC 30 kg/m ) en tratamiento con NPT con una duracion de 28 ± 5 dias (mas de 20 dias en el 75% de los casos). El 16,1% presentaba Diabetes Mellitus previa al inicio de NPT. En el 64,3% de los pacientes, la fistula ocurria tras cirugia reciente: en un 38.8% tras reseccion de colon, 16,6% de intestino delgado y 13,9% de estomago. La NPT se planificaba para aportar diariamente 1,5 × Gasto Energetico Basal, 1,5 g/kg/dia de proteinas, 6 mg de vitamina B 12 y 414 μg de acido folico. Ninguna solucion contenia hierro.Objective. To assess the impact of weight loss in clinical progression of the comorbidities in a group of morbid obese patients submitted to surgical treatment with the duodenal switch technique. Study setting. Between 2001-2006, we have operated by the duodenal crossing technique a total of 118 morbid obese patients (97 women and 21 men), mean age 42.6 years. Average pre-surgical BMI was 49.7, with average overweight of 69.1 kg. After surgical intervention, we have prospectively assessed the progression of the main comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes, OSAS, osteoarticular pathology, dyslipidemia), according to the subscale of the BAROS scoring system. Postsurgical controls are done at months 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 and annually thereafter. We have followed-up 110 patients, of whom 90 presented comorbidities, being the ones studied. Results. At 3 months post-surgery, we observed a decrease in the mean value of %WL to 31%, and a mean BMI value of 41.3, the percentage of lost BMI being 40.3%. Most of the weight loss occurred within 2 years, with %WL of 74.8% and a percentage of lost BMI of 97.7%. In 68 patients (75.5%) there was resolution of their comorbidities, 14.4% having improvement, and 10% with no improvement in spite of the surgery. Of patients achieving complete resolution, almost all of them achieved it within two years after surgery. Cure rates correlate with weight loss, so that at 3 months, with a mean weight loss of 25 kg (BMI decrease of 8.4 points) the comorbidity resolution rate is 45.5%. At 12 months, with a mean decrease in BMI of 16.4 points, %WL of 61.6% and % of lost BMI of 70.4%, the comorbidity resolution rate is 89.7%. At two years, by the time most of the main comorbidities resolved (68 patients), the BMI decreased by 22.4 points, the %WL 74.8% and the % of lost BMI 97.9%. Conclusion. The aim of bariatric surgery is weight loss and overweight-associated comorbidities improvement. In our study, most of the comorbidities improvement started at the third month, with the highest improvement rate occurring within two years, verifying that there is a direct relationship between post-surgical weight loss comorbidities improvement and resolution in most of the cases.Objective: To investigate the breeding rate and breeding density of Carpoglyphus lactis in stored Fructus Jujubae in Anhui, China in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention of Carpoglyphus lactis(C. lactis) from spoiling the dried fruit of such category. Methods： By the breeding nature of C. lactis, we collected samples of Fructus Jujubae, which were kept over 6 months in general, from the dried fruit shop and (or) Chinese herbal medicine warehouse, and isolated C. lactis from those samples. The mite specimens were prepared, and microscopically and morphologically identified. Species classification was done in accordance with Hughes (1976). Result:C. lactis was identified in 19 of the 300 samples, with breeding density and breeding rate of 6.52 heads/g and 6.33%. Constitute ratio at distinct developmental phase was associated with adult (including nymph, 85.71%), larva(12.27%), hypopus (0.56%) and egg(1.45%), respectively. The richness index, diversity index and evenness index was1.644, 1.644 and 0.923, respectively. Conclusion： Carpoglyphus lactis appears infesting in large quantity in the Fructus Jujubae stored in the above places in Anhui province, and the density is higher. Therefore, it is urgent to take effective measures to prevent C. lactis from spreading over other dried products stored in the same room and potential human intestinal acariasis as a result of the biological contamination.Objective: To determine possible associations between the risk of breast cancer in Brazilian women and demographic, social and economical variables, and past dietary intake. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between june and november 2003 involving a group of 33 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and a control group of 33 healthy women volunteers. Personal details, health history and past dietary intake were obtained via questionnaires and interviews. Data between groups were compared using χ2, Fisher, and Student’s t test, whilst associations were evaluated using a non-conditional logistic regression method and odds ratio (OR). Results: Statistically significant differences between the two groups were revealed with respect to age distribution (P = 0.007), family income level (P = 0.02), educational level (P 45 years), low family income (<