Larry Berman

Foreign military intervention : the dynamics of protracted conflict

Foreign Military Intervention brings together prominent scholars in an ambitious and innovative comparative study. The six case studies-the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, Syria in Lebanon, Israel in Lebanon, South Africa and Cuba in Angola, and India in Sri Lanka-constitute a diverse set, involving superpowers and regional powers, democracies and nondemocracies, neighboring states and distant states, and incumbent regimes and insurgent movements.

The Office of Management and Budget that Almost Wasn't

This article focuses on certain critical antecedents to the formation of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) from the reorganization of the Bureau of the Budget (BOB) in 1970.1 It includes an analysis of previously unstudied, remarkably rich archival material from several presidential libraries and the Records Division of the OMB on three especially interesting presidentially appointed advisory groups that recommended reorganizing the BOB: the Presidents Advisory Committee on Government Organization (PACGO), 1953-1961, chaired by Nelson Rockefeller; President Johnsons Task Force on Government Organization, 1967, chaired by Ben Heineman; and the Presidents Advisory Council on Executive Organization, 1970, chaired by Roy Ash, the group that eventually succeeded in abolishing the BOB. These groups make an interesting trio for comparison because all without exception argued that the management processes2 in the executive office needed improvement, and that to do so the BOB