Lawrence G. Rubin

Materials at low temperatures

The aim of this volume is to establish a firm basis for the understanding of materials behavior and property measurement to use for design and materials selection at low temperatures. The fourteen chapters of this book were written and edited by members of the materials group of the Cryogenics Division of the National Bureau of Standards. Each chapter concludes with a lengthy list of references with the full bibliographic citations. A detailed subject index is included. Contents abridged: Elastic properties. Electrical properties. Magnetic properties. Fracture mechanics. Martensitic phase transformation. Composites. Temperature, strain, and magnetic fields measurements.

Foundations of Vacuum Science and Technology

Kinetic Theory of Gases. Flow of Gases Through Tubes and Orifices. Positive Displacement Vacuum Pumps. Kinetic Vacuum Pumps. Capture Vacuum Pumps. Vacuum Gauges. Partial Pressure Analysis. Leak Detection and Leak Detectors. High-Vacuum System Design. Gas-Surface Interactions and Diffusion. Ultrahigh and Extreme High Vacuum. Calibration and Standards Appendix. Indexes.

Low Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications

1. Physics of Silicon at Cryogenic Temperatures 2. Silicon Devices and Circuits 3. Reliability Aspects of Cryogenic Silicon Technologies 4. Radiation Effects and Low-Frequency Noise in Silicon Technologies 5. Heterostructure and Compound Semiconductor Devices 6. Compound Heterostructure Semiconductor Lasers and Photodetectors 7. High-Temperature Superconductors/Semiconductor Hybrid Microwave Devices and Circuits 8. Cryocooling and Thermal Management 9. Applications, Trends, and Perspectives Index

Semiconductor Characterization: Present Status and Future Needs

Contents: 1. Drivers for Silicon Process Development and Manufacturing. 2. Metrology Requirements for Beyond 0.35-um Geometries 3. Silicon Wafers, Gate Dielectrics, and Process Simulation. 4. Interconnects and Failure Analysis. 5. Critical Analytical Methods. 6. In-Situ, Real Time Diagnosis, Analysis, and Control. 7. Frontiers in Compound Semiconductors.

Focus on Test and Measurement

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The Laboratory Handbook of Materials, Equipment, and Technique

Materials in the lab measurement joints, stopcocks and tubing vacuum systems cleaning glassware compressed gas high and low temperatures vacuum systems the gas-oxygen torch.

High magnetic fields for physics

For many years magnetic fields have served as an essential tool of the experimental physicist. For example, in solid‐state physics our current understanding of the Fermi surfaces of metals, the band structures of semiconductors, the phases of magnets and the properties of superconductors is in each instance based on observations that involve magnetic fields. Yet, until 25 years ago, the highest dc field available to most scientists was that provided by iron‐cored electromagnets—about 3 T (30 kG) in air gaps of a few centimeters. In 1960 the Francis Bitter National Magnetic Laboratory was established to develop magnetic field facilities beyond 3 T and use them for solid‐state physics research. The Magnet Lab was the first center for research on high magnetic fields in the world and remains the focus for such work in the United States.