Léa Maria Bezerra de Menezes

Autopercepção da fluorose pela exposição a flúor pela água e dentifrício

The impact of dental fluorosis in children exposed to fluoride in drinking water and dentifrice was evaluated. Dental fluorosis was found in 72% of the children, but the childrens well-being was not affected. It was concluded that although dental fluorosis due to the intake of optimally fluoridated drinking water and dentifrice did not affect the dental aesthetics of this studied population sample, there is a need of further studies on the subject.

Análise dos fatores de risco ou de proteção para fluorose dentária em crianças de 6 a 8 anos em Fortaleza, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores de risco ou de protecao para a fluorose dentaria na denticao permanente de criancas de 6 a 8 anos em um bairro no Municipio de Fortaleza, Brasil. METODOS: Este estudo de caso-controle incluiu 67 criancas com fluorose nos incisivos superiores e inferiores permanentes erupcionados, conforme o indice de Dean, e 57 controles. A presenca de fluorose foi determinada como variavel dependente. Os dados acerca das variaveis independentes foram obtidos atraves de entrevistas com os pais das criancas. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para verificar a existencia de associacao entre fluorose e as variaveis independentes. Foi calculada a razao de chances (odds ratio, OR) para verificar a associacao e a probabilidade de fluorose no grupo-caso, ambos com significância de 95%. RESULTADOS: Houve associacao significativa da fluorose com tipo de moradia (propria, alugada ou ocupada), mas nao com fonte de agua para consumo ou uso de dentifricios fluoretados e suplementos de fluor. Na analise univariada, o risco de fluorose foi maior em criancas que iniciaram o consumo de leite em po reconstituido com agua antes dos 2 anos de idade (OR = 4,53; IC95%: 1,07 a 26,74) e nas que nao mamaram (OR = 6,66; IC95%: 1,61 a 38,62). Na analise multivariada, somente a amamentacao apresentou associacao com a fluorose (4,54; IC95%: 1,21 a 16,66). CONCLUSOES: A amamentacao se configurou como fator de protecao contra a fluorose. E preciso estabelecer criterios de classificacao mais especificos para permitir a investigacao de relacoes entre fluorose e classe socioeconomica

Bioethical conflicts of gene therapy: a brief critical review

Methods and techniques employed in gene therapy are reviewed in parallel with pertinent ethical conflicts. Clinical interventions based on gene therapy techniques preferentially use vectors for the transportation of therapeutic genes, however little is known about the potential risks and damages to the patient. Thus, attending carefully to the clinical complications arising as well as to security is essential. Despite the scientific and technological advances, there are still many uncertainties about the side effects of gene therapy. Moreover, there is a need, above all, to understand the principles of bioethics as both science and ethics, in accordance with its socioecological responsibility, in order to prioritize the health and welfare of man and nature, using properly natural resources and technology. Therefore, it is hard to determine objective results and to which extent the insertion of genes can affect the organism, as well as the ethical implication.

Aspectos éticos e o uso de produtos fluorados na visão de lideranças de saúde

O fluor tem sido empregado na prevencao da carie dentaria, principalmente em aguas de abastecimento e dentifricios. Um efeito indesejavel, a fluorose leve, tem suscitado preocupacoes entre especialistas. Este trabalho descreve as percepcoes dos delegados na 13a Conferencia Nacional de Saude no que se refere aos aspectos eticos relacionados ao uso de substâncias e produtos fluorados. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratoria, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se como tecnica de processamento de depoimentos o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). A populacao de estudo foi definida por conveniencia, e o criterio de escolha foi participar da Conferencia como delegado. Ao todo, foram 310 respondentes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionarios semiestruturados e analisados pela analise do discurso. Nos discursos dos participantes da pesquisa, estiveram presentes aspectos eticos relacionados a falta de liberdade de escolha, a falta de informacao disponivel aos usuarios sobre os produtos fluorados e sobre o controle dos niveis de fluor nesses produtos. Houve tambem quem acreditasse que o custo-beneficio da fluoretacao supera qualquer aspecto etico que possa estar presente. Questoes eticas sao frequentemente vistas pelos participantes da pesquisa como algo desconhecido ou complexo. Existe a crenca de que a populacao em geral esta despreparada para discutir o assunto com propriedade, ja que este e mais bem compreendido pela parcela da sociedade composta por gestores e profissionais de saude. Nao houve consenso quanto a presenca ou nao de fatores eticos no uso de produtos fluorados.

Fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público no Brasil: o olhar de lideranças de saúde

Desde sua implantacao, a fluoretacao das aguas tem enfrentado oposicao de alguns grupos, enquanto outros, baseados em evidencia cientifica, apoiam a medida. Neste artigo, descrevem-se as percepcoes dos delegados a 13a Conferencia Nacional de Saude sobre a obrigatoriedade da fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento publico no Brasil. Como tecnica de processamento de depoimentos, utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Constata-se que, mais do que duvidas, persiste certo grau de desinformacao sobre aspectos basicos da fluoretacao das aguas, frequentemente confundida com a cloracao. Torna-se evidente tambem a necessidade de permanente divulgacao a sociedade de dados sobre a fluoretacao da agua e o desejo de que medidas que afetam a saude publica nao sejam tomadas pelo Congresso Nacional sem que se oucam os setores interessados. Conforme a percepcao majoritaria dos participantes deste estudo, a revogacao da obrigatoriedade de fluoretar as aguas ou deficiencias no controle sanitario de sua aplicacao poderiam, no contexto brasileiro, piorar os indices populacionais de carie dentaria.

Múltiplos aspectos do uso do flúor em saúde pública na visão de lideranças da área de saúde

The article describes the perceptions of health care leaders on issues relating to the use of fluorine in public health. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using Collective Subject Discourse (DCS) as technique for processing the statements. The study population was comprised of delegates to the 13th National Health Conference; the sample was defined by convenience and consisted of 310 delegates: 56 at municipal level in Fortaleza (CE), 143 at state level (Ceara) and 111 at national level. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires. There were gaps in knowledge about various aspects of the use of fluorine in public health, which indicates the need to improve the level of information of society on issues relating to fluoridation. The lack of knowledge of delegates, together with the data found in the literature about the shortcomings in the monitoring and control of fluorine levels in water, are indicative of the need to reassess the role of social actors and the mechanisms used in social control.

Utilización de animales en la investigación: breve revisión de la legislación en Brasil

Abstract The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law. Keywords: Bioethics. Animal technicians-Medical care. Laboratory animal science. Models, animal. Animal use alternatives. Animal experimentation.Use of animals in research: a brief review of legislation in Brazil The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law.

Utilização de animais em pesquisas: breve revisão da legislação no Brasil

Abstract The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law. Keywords: Bioethics. Animal technicians-Medical care. Laboratory animal science. Models, animal. Animal use alternatives. Animal experimentation.Use of animals in research: a brief review of legislation in Brazil The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law.

Use of animals in research: a brief review of legislation in Brazil

Abstract The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law. Keywords: Bioethics. Animal technicians-Medical care. Laboratory animal science. Models, animal. Animal use alternatives. Animal experimentation.Use of animals in research: a brief review of legislation in Brazil The use of animals for scientific purposes is a historical procedure in human civilization, but is controversial for societies concerned with the protection of animals. In Brazil, until 2008, there was no rule or law that specifically regulated animal testing. This paper discusses the use of animals in scientific experiments, considering the Brazilian Arouca Law, through the analysis of scientific articles that consider the history of experimentation in the world and in Brazil, including the regulation of the use of animals of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, in Brazilian research. The Arouca Law may represent an advance in Brazilian law regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes, particularly given the creation of the Ethics Committees for Animal Use in research institutions and the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control, which examine the compliance of scientific projects involving the use of such animals to applicable law.

Oral health indicators in primary health care: the understanding and the information recorded by dentist-surgeons

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to know the understanding of Oral health indicators recommended by the Ministry of Health by dentists in the family health strategy of the state of Ceara in 2008.METHODS: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which it was used a questionnaire to obtain the data concerning the way information on oral health actions performed in Family Health Care Units and other social spaces are registered, as well as investigate their knowledge about oral health indicators. The calculation of the sample of dentist-surgeons adopted an absolute sampling error of 6.8% and a significance level of 5%, resulting in an initial sample of 175 dentists; however, only 159 participated in this study according to the inclusion criteria. For instance, they should have been working in the service in the period from 2001 to 2007. In all, 32 cities participated in the research, distributed in 18 Regional Health Cells selected by drawing lots. The data were processed in the program SPSS version 17.0 and considered statistically significant the inferential analyses with p < 0.05.RESULTS: it was observed that there are differences between the interpretation of the indicators objectives and the data relating to oral health actions recorded by dentist-surgeons from the Family Health Strategy. They also differ from the guidelines of the Ministry of Health.CONCLUSION: The pregnant present some knowledge about oral health that can be improved by means of educational, preventive and healing programs. This group exert big it influences in the family ambit, could act as agents multipliers and avoiding the childs precocious contamination.