Léa Maria M. Carreira

Essential Oil Composition from Duguetia Species (Annonaceae)

Abstract The leaf and fine stems and the bark oils of Duguetia eximia, D. flagellaris, D. pycnastera, D. riparia and D. trunciflora were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents found in the leaf and fine stems oil of D. eximia were α-eudesmol (80.3%) and spathulenol (5.0%). The leaf and fine stems oil of D. flagellaris was dominated by spathulenol (58.7%) and α-muurolol (6.2%); the bark oil was dominated by germacrene D (16.5%), cyperene (10.6%), α-muurolol (8.6%), humulene epoxide II (5.3%) and spathulenol (5.0%). The major components identified in the leaf and fine stems oil of D. pycnastera were spathulenol (52.2%), allo-aromadendrene (9.1%), germacrene D (7.1%) and elemol (5.1%). The leaf and fine stems oil of D. riparia contained spathulenol (46.5%), caryophyllene oxide (28.9%) and α-pinene (6.1%) as their main compounds. The leaf and fine stems oil of D. trunciflora was dominated by α-pinene (21.1%), bicyclogermacrene (17.6%), bulnesol (10.6%), spathulenol (10.5%), guaiol (8.1%), globulol (5.7%) and humulene epoxide II (5.0%); the bark oil was dominated by β-phellandrene (45.7%), guaiol (8.3%) and α-cadinol (7.4%).

Variability in essential-oil composition of Piper marginatum sensu lato.

This paper contains data on the chemical composition of the essential oils of 22 leaf samples of Piper marginatum Jacq. collected in different areas and ecosystems of the brazilian Amazon, as well as an overview of the available literature. The species presents a large synonymy based on their different leaf characteristics and distinct scents where some of them smell like anise or very close compounds. By GC, GC/MS, and cluster analysis, we identified seven chemotypes for the leaf oils. The main components found in chemotype I were safrole (1) and 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone (2). The chemotype II was dominated by 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone (2) and p‐mentha‐1(7),8‐diene (10). The major compounds identified in chemotype III were 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone (2), myristicin (3), (E)‐β‐ocimene (11), and γ‐terpinene (12). In the chemotype IV, the principal constituents were β‐caryophyllene (13), α‐copaene (14), and 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone (2). The chemotype V was dominated by (E)‐isoosmorhizole (6), (E)‐anethole (8), and isoosmorhizole (7). The main compounds found in the chemotype VI were 2‐methoxy‐4,5‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone (4), methoxy‐4,5‐(methylenedioxy)propiophenone isomer 5, and (E)‐isoosmorhizole (6). The major constituents in chemotype VII were β‐caryophyllene (13), bicyclogermacrene (15), and (E)‐asarone (9).

Revisão taxonômica das espécies amazônicas de Rhizophoraceae

Durante o Curso de Botânica Tropical, na disciplina de Sistemática, realizamos em conjunto o estudo da família Rhizophoraceae, a fim de demonstrarmos os métodos e proceclimentos de um estudo taxonômico. A escolha desta família entre várias outras não menos interessantes, deu-se em razão de ser Rhizophoraceae uma família razoavelmente pequena, com diversos gêneros, e larga distribuição por toda a Amazônia, ocupando habitats os mais diversos, desde o mangue até a mata da terra firme. Devemos ressaltar também que desde o trabalho de Engler (1876), não houve outra revisão nos gêneros amazônicos, a não ser as interessantes observações de Pires & Rodrigues (1971), sobre os gêneros Po/ygonanthus e Anisophyl/ea. Rhizophoraceae é uma família constituída de 16 gêneros com cerca de 120 espécies distribuídas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo, com apenas 5 gêneros representados na região amazônica. Em Rhizophoraceae o gênero típico e mais conhecido é Rhizophora ou mangue, típica desse habitat, havendo porém vários gêneros da família que habitam as matas altas longe do mar.

Essential Oil Variation in Lippia glandulosa Schauer

Abstract The oils of 14 samples of Lippia glandulosa collected in the “Lavrado” area, Roraima state, North Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Two chemical groups were characterized in the oils, one which was rich in thymol (46.3–78.1%), and another containing β-caryophyllene (17.3–59.4%) as the major component. In the first group the compounds p-cymene (5.1–7.2%) and β-caryophyllene (4.1–9.2%) have been associated to thymol in six of the analyzed oil samples. On the other hand, the second group showed variable association with (E)-nerolidol (0.7–23.6%), trans-α-bergamotene (0.2–19.3%), α-alaskene (3.4–16.0%), α-pinene (1.2–7.8%), α-hu-mulene (2.6–6.0%), caryophyllene oxide (1.9–6.0%) and linalool (0.9–5.0%), in the other eight oil samples, justifying the field observation concerning the plant scent variability at the same collection site and the chemical composition differentiation observed to L. glandulosa.

Espectro polínico de mel de tiúba (Melipona fasciculata Smith, 1854, Hymenoptera, Apidae)

abstRaCt The pollen spectrum of honey of the Melipona fasciculata was analyzed aiming to elucidate the nectariferous resources used by this species. The identification of the visited plants was based upon the analysis of the pollen spectrum of 12 honey samples collected in one meliponarium located in Palmeirândia county, lowland area of Maranhao State, Brazil (02o40’47,6S, 44o52’39,8”W). The quantitative and qualitative analysis of honey samples was conducted in order to determine the pollen type percentages and frequency classes. Forty-five pollen types were found, being Pontederia parviflora Alexander (Pontederiaceae) the most frequent species during period of sampling (38.6%) and considered dominant pollen in October (86%), June (85%), July (76%), August (49%) and September (51%) and accessory pollen in December, January and March. Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth (Mimosaceae) was the second most frequent species (22.8%) and was a dominant pollen in November (46%), April (74%) and May (72%).

Yield and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the Stems and Rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus L. Cultivated in the State of Para', Brazil

Abstract The volatile constituents from the stems and rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus, cultivated in the state of Pará, Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components of these oils were α-pinene (0.7–12.9%), mustakone (7.3–14.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.6–28.5%). Maximum yield in essential oil was furnished by the rhizomes hydrodistilled at 5 h.

Essential Oil Composition of Peperomia serpens (Sw.) Loud

Abstract The fresh- and dried-leaf oils and the fresh-leaf concentrate of Peperomia serpens were obtained by hydrodistilla-tion and SPME, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main compounds identifed in the hydrodistilled fresh-leaf oil were (Z)-nerolidol acetate (42.9%) and (E)-nerolidol (31.3%). The major constituents found in the SPME fresh-leaf headspace were α-humulene (49.1%) and β-caryophyllene (35.1%). The hydrodistilled dried-leaf oil was dominated by (Z)-nerolidol acetate (36.6%) and (E)-nerolidol (29.1%). It seems that the hydrolysis of α-humulene, identifed only in the SPME fresh-leaf headspace, was responsible by the appearance of (E)-nerolidol in the fresh- and dried-leaf oils, followed by isomerization and acetylation to produce (Z)-nerolidol acetate, being all the process heat provoked.

Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.

Abstract The chemical composition of the volatile concentrates of the flowers of Dipteryx odorata, the cumaru (tonka) tree of the Amazon, was obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components identified were germacrene D (31.1%), bicyclogermacrene (13.0%) and spathulenol (11.3%).Abstract The chemical composition of the volatile concentrates of the flowers of Dipteryx odorata, the cumaru (tonka) tree of the Amazon, was obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components identified were germacrene D (31.1%), bicyclogermacrene (13.0%) and spathulenol (11.3%).

Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Wulffia baccata (L. f.) Kuntze. and Zinnia elegans Jacq. (Asteraceae)

Abstract The chemical composition of the volatile concentrates of the flowers of Wulffia baccata and Zinnia elegans were analyzed by GC/MS. The major components identified in the flowers of W. baccata were (E)-(β-ocimene (17.3%), limonene (136%), germacrene D (13.0%) and myrcene (11.8%). Germacrene D (12.4%) and p-cymene (9.1%) were the major components found in the flowers of Z. elegans.

Volatiles of the Leaves, Stems and Flowers of Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse

Abstract The volatiles of the leaves, stems and flowers of Otacanthus azureus were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils of O. azureus were terpenoid in nature. Among the monoterpenes trans-pinocarveol was the major component (leaves: 14.8%, stems: 7.0%, flowers: 2.2%). β-Copaen-4α-ol was the main sesquiterpene found (leaves: 15.6%, stems: 24.3%, flowers 27.4%).