Leadir Lucy Martins Fries

Bioproteção de lingüiça de frango

To inhibit the undesirable microorganisms as well as to obtain better sensorial characteristics, bioprotective cultures were used on chicken sausages production. The chicken sausages were elaborated from a basic mixture (control) and by adding either the Elce or Bactoferm B2 plus Bactoferm S-Sx, which were kept under 8°C during its storage period. Lactic acid bacteria, psychotropic microorganisms, Gram negative counts, sensorial and the pH analysis were done. It was not observed the Staphylococcus aureus and sulfite-reducing clostridia growth, although the lactic acid bacteria were high on the treated samples, due to the addition of the bioprotective cultures. It was observed that the addition of Elce culture lowered the Gram-negative growth by two logarithmic cycles compared to the controls at the end of the storage period. The samples treated with Bactoferm B2 plus Bactoferm S-Sx showed a slight Gram negative bacteria inhibition compared to the control samples. The addition of bioprotective culture improved the sensorial characteristics of the raw chicken sausages, although when the samples were cooked the differences were not observed. Therefore, the Elce culture showed a better microbial protection giving a better microbial quality for the meat product and overall, the bioprotective cultures presented better sensorial characteristics than the control samples.

Emprego de soro de leite líquido na elaboração de mortadela

The objective of this paper was to verify the possibility of incorporating fluid whey in mortadela. The water employed in the elaboration of mortadela was replaced in the proportions of 50, 75 and 100% by fluid whey. Sensorial characteristics (color, odor, flavor and texture), pH, color, emulsion stability of mortadela were evaluated, as well as the percentage of fat and liquid released after thermal treatment of mortadela emulsion. The addition of fluid whey did not exert significant influence on the sensorial characteristics, pH, color, emulsion stability and liquid released after the thermal treatments in mortadela. Water substitutions of 75 and 100% by fluid whey in the elaboration of mortadela promoted a lower percentage of fat released after thermal treatment. Based on the obtained results it is clear that fluid whey can be used to substitute 100% of ice used in the elaboration of mortadela, thus avoiding that exceeding fluid whey be released in the environment.

Microencapsulação de probióticos: avanços e perspectivas

Because of their health benefits, probiotics have been incorporated into a range of dairy products, including yogurts, soft-, semi-hard and hard cheeses, ice cream, milk powders and frozen dairy desserts. However, there are still several problems with respect to the low viability of probiotic bacteria in dairy foods. This review focuses mainly on current knowledge and techniques used in the microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms to enhance their viability during fermentation, processing and utilization in commercial products. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria can be used to enhance the viability during processing, and also for the targeted delivery in gastrointestinal tract.

Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de condimentos frente a amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de aves e bovinos

ABSTRACT The discussed issue about replacing the use ofantibiotics in animal feed (growth promoters) requires emergingalternatives. To meet the needs of microbial inhibitors in thesefoods, the essentials oils (EOS) constitute potential alternativesunder evaluation. In this study it was evaluated the antimicrobialactivities of EOs from Oreganum vulgare (oregano), Thymusvulgaris (thyme), Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Salvia officinalis (sage), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Ocimum basilicum (basil) against Escherichiacoli strains isolated from poultry (n=43) and cattle faeces (n=36).The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimumbactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for eachisolate by using the broth microdilution technique, from themaximum concentration of 6400 μ g mL -1 of each OE tested.Antimicrobial activity was observed on the essential oils oforegano, mexican oregano, thymus and cinnamon. For allstrains tested, regardless of their origin, the OES more and lesseffective as antimicrobial activity were oregano and cinnamon,respectively. These results confirm the antimicrobial potentialof some EOs, which deserve further research, addressing theaddition of essential oils in poultry and cattle feeding.

Efeito do gelo clorado sobre parâmetros químicos e microbiológicos da carne de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The rapid spoilage of fishes causes economical losses in the processing and marketing of these products. In the present study, the efficiency of chlorinated ice to increase grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) shelf life was evaluated. Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and pH were evaluated in the flesh of grass carp stored refrigerated (3±1oC) for 20 days, covered with chlorinated (5ppm) or non-chlorinated ice. Chlorine significantly reduced (p<0,05) mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria count in the flesh, as well as pH and the initial values of TVBN. TVBN values were low and did not exhibit great changes over the storage time. Results showed that grass carp shelf life could be extended around 3 days by using chlorinated ice. Besides, pH and TVBN values were considered unsuitable to assess grass carp spoilage.

Qualidade microbiológica no processamento do frango assado em unidade de alimentação e nutrição

SUMMARY MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY IN THE ROAST CHICKEN PROCESS IN NUTRITIONAL AND NOURISHMENT UNIT. The alimentary toxinfections of microbial source have been recognized as a larger health public problem. Protein perishable products are considered important in relation to the sanitary-hygiene control. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of the procedure of roast chicken. The monitoring of roast chicken preparation was carried out through microbiological analyses of swabs counters, vessels, handlers as row and roast chicken. The bacteriological study was developed in a totality of 96 samples that were submitted to the following microbiological analyses: total and fecal Coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella ssp., and Clostridium only in roast chicken. Microbial analyses of counters, vessels and handlers after the hygiene and roast chicken demonstrated no evidence of the microorganisms analyzed. In 9.9% of the row chicken samples, the presence of fecal Coliform were found (≥15.000 NMP – law limit) and 6.6% of the samples presented coagulase positive Staphylococcus. All the samples did not present Salmonella ssp. It was detected fecal Coliform contamination in the counters and hands during the handling of the chicken and it was related to the raw material. The results showed that the processing stage were microbiological quality appropriate, guarantying the safety end product.

The influence of achyrocline satureioides ("Marcela") extract on the lipid oxidation of salami

O efeito de dois niveis (0,5% e 1%) de extrato hidroalcoolico de marcela (Achyrocline satureioides) na seguranca (valores de TBARS) e qualidade (pH, atividade de agua, cor, perda de peso e atributos sensoriais) de salames foi avaliado. A adicao de extrato de marcela diminuiu significativamente os valores de TBARS durante o armazenamento dos salames, comparado ao controle, elaborado sem extrato de marcela. O tratamento com 1% de extrato de marcela mostrou uma maior estabilidade lipidica que o lote com 0,5%, porem apresentou uma diminuicao (p < 0,05) na aceitacao sensorial. Os dois niveis de extrato de marcela nao influenciaram significativamente os parâmetros de pH, atividade de agua, cor e perda de peso. Este estudo indicou que o extrato hidroalcoolico de marcela foi efetivo na diminuicao da oxidacao lipidica e que a concentracao de 0,5% nao alterou as caracteristicas sensoriais, podendo, portanto, ser utilizada em salames para proporcionar produtos mais seguros aos consumidores.

Características físico-químicas de embutido curado fermentado com adição de carne de avestruz associada à de suíno

The aim of this research was to develop and to determine the physic-chemical characteristics and centesimal composition of a fermented cured sausage containing ostrich meat (Struthio camelus) and pork meat. Four different formulations were developed: one with no ostrich meat (control) and others with levels of 19, 38.3 and 57.8%, respectively, in association with pork meat. The products were evaluated daily in the first week and in days 14, 21 and 28 for pH analysis and days zero, three, seven, 14, 21 and 28 for water activity analysis. After manufacturing was completed, weight loss and centesimal composition (28 days) were evaluated. The results showed that the sausages presented pH levels more acidic than ideal. Products with greater quantity of ostrich meat presented greater weight loss at the end of procedure, in which the difference between treatment 3 and control was 8.2%. Different levels of ostrich meat in the recipe altered the proximate analysis results significantly, especially in relation to the final moisture levels. With the exception of fat level, all the other attributes evaluated comply with the Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Perfil de ácidos graxos e teor de colesterol de mortadela elaborada com óleos vegetais

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and the cholesterol content of mortadella prepared with different vegetable oils. Nine treatments were made with four different vegetable oils (canola, linseed, olive and soy) using two substitution levels (50% and 100%). The fatty acids and the cholesterol content were separated and identified by gas chromatography. There was a prevalence of the oleic, linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids were lower in the products with vegetable oils. The PUFA/SFA relation was lower in the control treatment while the higher value was observed in the 100% linseed oil treatment. The cholesterol levels found were similar between all the treatments, but a reduction of these levels were observed in the treatments, being superior only in treatment containing 100% of soybean oil. Thus, except the treatment with 100% of soybean oil, all the other treatments with vegetable oils showed a better nutritional quality in relation to the control treatment.

Stability, sensory attributes and acceptance of panettones elaborated with Lactobacillus fermentum IAL 4541 and Wickerhamomyces anomallus IAL 4533

This work aimed to elaborate sourdough panettones with Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) and Wickerhamomyces anomallus (WA) evaluating their microbiological stability, physical and chemical characteristics as well as the impact of these microorganisms on sensory aspects and consumer acceptance. For characterization, panettones were elaborated by long fermentation, using two selected microorganisms, LF and WA in different proportions; and control panettones were formulated using commercial yeast with and without preservative. For sensory analyses, LF, WA, LF/WA (1:1), control with calcium propionate and commercial panettones were compared. Regarding the pH values and total titratable acidity (TTA), a similar behavior was observed among panettones elaborated with the selected strains (LF, WA and mixtures). On the other hand, panettones elaborated with commercial yeast showed a higher pH and lower TTA. Until the 112nd day of storage, the water activity (aw) was similar among all panettones, but in the following analyses, it dropped in all panettones. Panettones elaborated with sourdough maintained better their softness during the storage, when compared with the controls. Regarding microbial stability, control panettones with and without preservative became moldy faster; while sourdough panettones (WA and LF/WA) remained stable throughout all the monitored storage. Sensory evaluation by CATA allowed distinguishing between sourdough and commercial yeast panettones. Desirable characteristics such as nice aroma, pleasant taste and uniform color were checked more often for LF and WA elaborated panettones, whereas yeast flavor was checked more often for the Commercial. Moreover, according to the descriptors used, panettones were grouped into 3 groups: LF/WA, LF + WA and controls. The panettones elaborated with the specific microorganisms of this study were well-accepted sensorially, proving to be very competitive with respect to control and commercial panettone. So, the use of selected microorganisms as a starter for sourdough is a promising alternative for producing panettones with good technological quality, microbiological stability, sensorially differentiate and well accepted by consumers; and, additionally, with the appeal of no added preservative.