Leandra Ulbricht

Comparison between body fat measurements obtained by portable ultrasound and caliper in young adults

The objective of this study was to compare and correlate the Portable Ultra Sound (US) measuring technique to the skinfold measuring technique (SF) to estimate body fat percentage (%F) in young adults. Sixty military were evaluated, all males, divided in two groups: Group 1 (normal) composed by 30 military with Body Mass Index (BMI) until 24.99 kg/m2 and Group 2 (overweight) composed by 30 military with BMI >; 25 kg/m2. Weight, height, skinfolds and ultrasound were measured in 9 points (triceps, subscapular, biceps, chest, medium axillary, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf). Body fat average values obtained by skinfold thickness and ultrasound measurements were 13.25 ± 6.32 % and 12.73 ± 5.95 % respectively. Despite significant differences in measurements of each anatomical site, it was possible to verify that the total final body fat percentage calculated by both techniques did not present significant differences and that overweight group presented greater similarity between the values obtained using caliper and ultrasound equipment.

Comparação do percentual de gordura obtido por bioimpedância, ultrassom e dobras cutâneas em adultos jovens

OBJETIVO: Comparar o ultrassom (US) portatil e a bioimpedância eletrica (BIA) com as dobras cutâneas (DC) para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal em adultos. METODOS: Foram avaliadas 195 militares, sexo masculino, sendo coletados: peso, estatura, percentual de gordura por bioimpedância, dobras cutâneas e ultrassom (US) em nove pontos (triceps, subescapular, biceps, peitoral, medio axilar, abdominal, suprailiaca, coxa e panturrilha). Alem da estatistica descritiva, foram utilizados graficos de dispersao, o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlacao π (rho) de Spearman, o Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test e a regressao linear para a elaboracao de uma nova equacao para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em adultos jovens (do sexo masculino). RESULTADOS: O grupo apresentou idade media de 23,07 ± 7,55 anos, para peso e estatura os valores da media e desvio padrao foram: 72,65 ± 10,40 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 metros, respectivamente. Comparando os resultados entre US e DC, verificaram-se correlacoes significativas para todos os pontos avaliados, sendo a prega da coxa a com maior correlacao, seguida pelo peitoral. Comparando-se os tres metodos, o US apresentou melhor correlacao com a BIA do que com as DC. Pode-se propor uma nova equacao de estimativa do percentual de gordura por US, que apresentou uma melhor correlacao com o metodo das DC do que aquela utilizada pelo proprio equipamento. CONCLUSAO: Foi possivel verificar que na populacao estudada o US e a BIA podem estimar o percentual de gordura corporal com boas correlacoes com o metodo da DC.

Obesity Impact Evaluated from Fat Percentage in Bone Mineral Density of Male Adolescents.

Objective To analyze bone mineral density (BMD) values in adolescents and to assess obesity impact, measured through body fat #x2013;on this variable through the assessment by DEXA. Methodology A total of 318 males adolescents (12–17 years) were evaluated considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), fat and lean mass. BMD was assessed for the arms, legs, hips, and lumbar regions, as well as for total amount. Stratification of the nutritional status was determined by body fat (%BF) percentage; comparison of groups was scrutinized by analysis of variance; and the association of variables was performed using Pearsons test. Results There was a progressive increase in weight, height, and BMD for all evaluated age groups following the advance of chronological age. A negative correlation was found between the %BF with BMD in all evaluated segments. Significant differences were found between the eutrophic group compared to the overweight group and the obesity group in the evaluated segments (P <0.01) noting a reduction of up to 12.92% for the lumbar region between eutrophic and obese. Conclusion The results suggest that increase %BF is associated with lower BMD among male adolescents.

Consequências da gravidez na adolescência para as meninas considerando-se as diferenças socioeconômicas entre elas

This study aimed to identify and analyze the objective and subjective consequences of teenage pregnancy, considering the socioeconomic differences between them. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 20 teenagers who gave birth between June, 2009 and June, 2010. The data gathering instrument was designed as a semi-structured interview and the content analysis has been used to analyze the data. It was found that, despite the lower income, families have better accepted pregnancy, the greatest impact also occurred between these families, especially regarding the postponement or jeopardizing of educational projects, lower chance of qualification and absolute financial dependency on family. Contraceptive methods were known, but not used, which shows the challenge to achieve prevention strategies for this population, a group wherewith the developed programs, besides informative, must approach the emotional, social and cultural experiences.

Utilização da biofotogrametria para a avaliação da flexibilidade de tronco

INTRODUCTION: Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) is a type of gymnastics that requires a high degree of flexibility due to the complexity of the required movements. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to compare the sit and reach test (SRT) and the Biophotogrammetry technique as indicators of trunk flexibility in beginning GR practitioners. METHODS: the sample included 60 girls (5-11 years old) from a universe of 110, all enrolled in a Center for Sports Initiation in Parana State. Data collection was performed in November, 2009. IN order to compare the TSA and biophotogrammetry, angles of the pelvis (WP), spinal flexion (WC) and total trunk flexion (WT) were drawn. RESULTS: the average score achieved by the participants on theTSA scale was 27.75 cm. A strong correlation was found between WT angle and the TSA values. Since it is a combination of the WC and WP, the WT provides a global view of the distance from the trunk to the legs when bending occurs during the test. Therefore, the correlations between the angles are good and meaningful. CONCLUSION: since the TSA has some intervening factors that may mask the result, biophotogrammetry is discussed as a test that allows the observation of reliable data for measuring flexibility and muscle compensation which are not usually identified, through photographs and angular calculations.

Portable A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment in Adolescents

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a low‐cost, highly feasible alternative method for monitoring the nutritional status of a population; however, only a few studies have tested the body composition agreement between US and reference standard methods, especially in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to assess the agreement of portable US with a reference standard method, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), for body fat percentage (BF%) in adolescents and to verify whether the use of a new mathematical model, based on the anatomic thickness obtained by US, is capable of improving BF% prediction.

Biophotogrammetry model of respiratory motion analysis applied to children

This study aimed to test a protocol of measurements based on Biophotogrammetry to Analysis of Respiratory Mechanics (BARM) in healthy children. Seventeen normal spirometric children (six male and 11 female) were tested. Their performed maneuvers of forced inspiratory vital capacity were recorded in the supine position. The images were acquired by a digital camera, laterally placed to the trunk. Surface markers allowed that the files, exported to CorelDraw® software, were processed by irregular trapezoids paths. Compartments were defined in the thoracic (TX), abdominal (AB) and the chest wall (CW). They were defined at the end of an inspiration and expiration, both maximum, controlled by a digital spirometer. The result showed that the measured areas at the inspiratory and expiratory periods were statistically different (p<;0.05). It reflects the mobility of CW and compartments. In conclusion, the proposed method can identify the breathing pattern of the measured subject using images in two dimensions (2D).

Evaluation of pelvis slope and flattening on children gymnasts by biophotogrammetry technique

This work proposes to detect possible affections or abnormalities in pelvic belt region in a group of rhythmic gymnastics due to the need for studies in the field of biomechanics and structural evaluation of human being. The methodology for this study used a tool called Biophotogrammetry. This technique has analyzed, through scanned images, the structural pelvic girdle bone profile of 64 practitioners of rhythmic gymnastics. The results of this study have presented weighted averages of 45.07±9.78° between the right pelvic slope (RPS) and left pelvic slope (LPS) and 91.74±2.50° for flattening of the pelvis (FP). Therefore, it is concluded that the Biophotogrammetry technique provides data related to the gold standard radiography test, used as reference for the pelvic girdle measurements.

AVALIAÇÃO DA EXPOSIÇÃO DOS TRABALHADORES DA PECUÁRIA LEITEIRA AOS RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS

A saude e a seguranca no trabalho sao fatores primordiais em todos os processos produtivos, especificamente na atividade de pecuaria leiteira, uma vez que ha situacoes de risco ocupacional nos processos laborais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o contexto do trabalho desenvolvido pelos trabalhadores rurais em propriedades de gado leiteiro da regiao Centro Oeste do Parana e identificar os riscos ocupacionais. A pesquisa utilizou o metodo de abordagem quali-quantitativo, de forma exploratoria, por meio do estudo de multiplos casos em 14 propriedades rurais cuja producao principal era a pecuaria leiteira. Para a coleta de dados, 27 trabalhadores foram entrevistados e, posteriormente, tiveram suas atividades de trabalho acompanhadas para observacoes e diagnostico da situacao de trabalho. Esse diagnostico foi realizado por meio da Analise Ergonomica do Trabalho. Como principais resultados, foram identificados, predominantemente, riscos ergonomicos e de acidentes, alem dos riscos fisicos, quimicos e biologicos. Verificou-se que as irregularidades nas condicoes das instalacoes estavam causando a maior parte dos riscos identificados e, mesmo com a presenca de riscos, os equipamentos de protecao individual nao eram comumente utilizados. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade da melhoria nas propriedades rurais, desde a mudanca de infraestrutura as questoes organizacionais. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que existe a necessidade de acoes publicas a serem desenvolvidas pelas Secretarias de Agricultura e de Saude, direcionadas a saude dos trabalhadores, como o oferecimento de treinamentos para os procedimentos operacionais e em saude e seguranca no trabalho.

Development and evaluation of low-cost walker with trunk support for senior citizen

OBJETIVO Desenvolver e avaliar um andador de baixo custo com sustentacao de tronco para idosos. METODO Estudo descritivo de duas fases: desenvolvimento de um andador com suporte de tronco e avaliacao com idosos de quarta idade. RESULTADOS Foram selecionados 23 idosos de quarta idade. Os criterios avaliados foram a influencia imediata do andador na estabilometria estatica com baropodometro e avaliacao da marcha com acelerometros monitorando tempo e amplitude de movimento de quadril. Houve diminuicao significativa da oscilacao corporal dos idosos com a colocacao do andador desenvolvido e mudancas nas amplitudes articulares do quadril, porem estas nao foram significativas. CONCLUSAO Utilizando materiais de baixo custo, foi possivel desenvolver um equipamento que atendeu aos requisitos de resistencia e eficacia. O andador interferiu no equilibrio dos idosos, diminuindo significativamente a oscilacao corporal estatica.