Wagner Luis Ripka

Comparison between body fat measurements obtained by portable ultrasound and caliper in young adults

The objective of this study was to compare and correlate the Portable Ultra Sound (US) measuring technique to the skinfold measuring technique (SF) to estimate body fat percentage (%F) in young adults. Sixty military were evaluated, all males, divided in two groups: Group 1 (normal) composed by 30 military with Body Mass Index (BMI) until 24.99 kg/m2 and Group 2 (overweight) composed by 30 military with BMI >; 25 kg/m2. Weight, height, skinfolds and ultrasound were measured in 9 points (triceps, subscapular, biceps, chest, medium axillary, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf). Body fat average values obtained by skinfold thickness and ultrasound measurements were 13.25 ± 6.32 % and 12.73 ± 5.95 % respectively. Despite significant differences in measurements of each anatomical site, it was possible to verify that the total final body fat percentage calculated by both techniques did not present significant differences and that overweight group presented greater similarity between the values obtained using caliper and ultrasound equipment.

Comparação do percentual de gordura obtido por bioimpedância, ultrassom e dobras cutâneas em adultos jovens

OBJETIVO: Comparar o ultrassom (US) portatil e a bioimpedância eletrica (BIA) com as dobras cutâneas (DC) para estimar o percentual de gordura corporal em adultos. METODOS: Foram avaliadas 195 militares, sexo masculino, sendo coletados: peso, estatura, percentual de gordura por bioimpedância, dobras cutâneas e ultrassom (US) em nove pontos (triceps, subescapular, biceps, peitoral, medio axilar, abdominal, suprailiaca, coxa e panturrilha). Alem da estatistica descritiva, foram utilizados graficos de dispersao, o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlacao π (rho) de Spearman, o Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test e a regressao linear para a elaboracao de uma nova equacao para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em adultos jovens (do sexo masculino). RESULTADOS: O grupo apresentou idade media de 23,07 ± 7,55 anos, para peso e estatura os valores da media e desvio padrao foram: 72,65 ± 10,40 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 metros, respectivamente. Comparando os resultados entre US e DC, verificaram-se correlacoes significativas para todos os pontos avaliados, sendo a prega da coxa a com maior correlacao, seguida pelo peitoral. Comparando-se os tres metodos, o US apresentou melhor correlacao com a BIA do que com as DC. Pode-se propor uma nova equacao de estimativa do percentual de gordura por US, que apresentou uma melhor correlacao com o metodo das DC do que aquela utilizada pelo proprio equipamento. CONCLUSAO: Foi possivel verificar que na populacao estudada o US e a BIA podem estimar o percentual de gordura corporal com boas correlacoes com o metodo da DC.

Obesity Impact Evaluated from Fat Percentage in Bone Mineral Density of Male Adolescents.

Objective To analyze bone mineral density (BMD) values in adolescents and to assess obesity impact, measured through body fat #x2013;on this variable through the assessment by DEXA. Methodology A total of 318 males adolescents (12–17 years) were evaluated considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), fat and lean mass. BMD was assessed for the arms, legs, hips, and lumbar regions, as well as for total amount. Stratification of the nutritional status was determined by body fat (%BF) percentage; comparison of groups was scrutinized by analysis of variance; and the association of variables was performed using Pearsons test. Results There was a progressive increase in weight, height, and BMD for all evaluated age groups following the advance of chronological age. A negative correlation was found between the %BF with BMD in all evaluated segments. Significant differences were found between the eutrophic group compared to the overweight group and the obesity group in the evaluated segments (P <0.01) noting a reduction of up to 12.92% for the lumbar region between eutrophic and obese. Conclusion The results suggest that increase %BF is associated with lower BMD among male adolescents.

Portable A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment in Adolescents

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a low‐cost, highly feasible alternative method for monitoring the nutritional status of a population; however, only a few studies have tested the body composition agreement between US and reference standard methods, especially in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to assess the agreement of portable US with a reference standard method, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), for body fat percentage (BF%) in adolescents and to verify whether the use of a new mathematical model, based on the anatomic thickness obtained by US, is capable of improving BF% prediction.

Biophotogrammetry model of respiratory motion analysis applied to children

This study aimed to test a protocol of measurements based on Biophotogrammetry to Analysis of Respiratory Mechanics (BARM) in healthy children. Seventeen normal spirometric children (six male and 11 female) were tested. Their performed maneuvers of forced inspiratory vital capacity were recorded in the supine position. The images were acquired by a digital camera, laterally placed to the trunk. Surface markers allowed that the files, exported to CorelDraw® software, were processed by irregular trapezoids paths. Compartments were defined in the thoracic (TX), abdominal (AB) and the chest wall (CW). They were defined at the end of an inspiration and expiration, both maximum, controlled by a digital spirometer. The result showed that the measured areas at the inspiratory and expiratory periods were statistically different (p<;0.05). It reflects the mobility of CW and compartments. In conclusion, the proposed method can identify the breathing pattern of the measured subject using images in two dimensions (2D).

Fat Percentage Equation for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Approach

Nutritional changes are commonly related to children with cerebral palsy (CP), since these are problems as: dysphagia, vomiting and gastrointestinal reflux. For nutritional monitoring, body composition has become an important tool and has been present in this population assessments routine. In this sense, the aim of this study was to develop an equation for body composition estimate for children with cerebral palsy, aged between 5 and 6 years, using skinfolds, from the results of body composition obtained by Dual Energy X-rays Absormetry (DEXA). The study included 10 male children with cerebral palsy, aged between five and six-years-old, who participated in the physical therapy intensive program in Vitoria research center, Curitiba, Brazil. Participants were assessed by: the Gross Motor Function Classification System; DEXA; and skinfold thickness. The skinfolds that showed better correlation with the total fat percentage and segmental fat percentage were: biceps and abdominal. The results of the regression analysis obtained equations to estimate the fat percentage by skinfold thickness with R2: 1.000 and 0.971, to seven and two skinfold thickness, respectively. In this sense, it is recommended to use the equation that utilizes the biceps and abdominal skinfolds thickness to estimate fat percentage of children with cerebral palsy, as this presents good estimation indicators.

Body composition and prediction equations using skinfold thickness for body fat percentage in Southern Brazilian adolescents

Objectives The purpose of this study was to: a) determine the nutritional status of Brazilian adolescents, and; b) present a skinfold thickness model (ST) to estimate body fat developed with Brazilian samples, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. Methods The main study group was composed of 374 adolescents, and further 42 adolescents for the validation group. Weight, height, waist circumference measurements, and body mass index (BMI) were collected, as well as nine ST–biceps (BI), triceps (TR), chest (CH), axillary (AX) subscapularis (SB), abdominal (AB), suprailiac (SI), medial thigh (TH), calf (CF), and fat percentage (%BF) obtained by DXA. Results The prevalence of overweight in adolescents was 20.9%, and obesity 5.8%. Regression analysis through ordinary least square method (OLS) allowed obtainment of three equations with values of R2 = 0.935, 0.912 and 0.850, standard error estimated = 1.79, 1.78 and 1.87, and bias = 0.06, 0.20 and 0.05, respectively. Conclusion the innovation of this study lies in presenting new regression equations for predicting body fat in Southern Brazilian adolescents based on a representative and heterogeneous sample from DXA.

Fat percentage evaluation through portable ultrasound in adolescents: A comparison with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Ultrasound has been pointed as a low cost and extremely practical new tool for monitoring body composition and obesity. Thus, this study aims at analyzing the performance of portable US, in comparison with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) reference method, in specific equations for predicting fat percentage on male adolescents. 143 male adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years old were evaluated and data on corporal mass, height and fat percentage were collected by US (%BF US) and DXA (%BF). The initial evaluation showed an under estimation of the US method (mean = 10.57 % and standard deviation = 4.45%) in comparison with DXA reference method (mean = 19.94 % and standard deviation = 5.36%). The creation of a specific model, developed from the US measurements, allowed values of R2 = 0.853 with standard error of the estimate = 1.49. Bland-Altman concordance graphic analysis did not present significant bias. Results suggest that it is possible to use portable US technology to evaluate fat percentage in adolescents, provided that a specific mathematical modeling is used.

2D and 3D Photogrammetric Models for Respiratory Analysis in Adolescents

The aim of this study was to test the correlation between a two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) biomechanical photogrammetric model, with inspiratory and expiratory lung capacities in adolescents. This was a cross sectional study, in which 40 adolescents of both genders were assessed, aged between 14 and 17 years old. Anthropometric data were collected (body mass, height and thorax length). Then, three tests were performed for forced vital capacity (FVC) in the supine position, using a spirometer. For FVC proof assessments, the volunteers were subjected to a mapping of body structures with adhesive markers and, after the test, one was selected with better respiratory performance for computational analysis of photogrammetric thoracoabdominal mobility. The results showed average values of 15.40, 61.29, 1.66 and 25.54, for age (years), body mass (kg), height (m) and thorax length (cm), respectively. The analysis found respiratory values of: 3:22 l for forced expiratory volume in one second, 3.87 l for forced vital capacity, 6.50 l/s for peak expiratory flow and 3.59 l for deep inspiration. The correlation showed better values for 3D photogrammetry as compared to 2D. The inclusion of the third dimension has been applied in order to adequate photogrammetric methodology to existing kinematics analysis tools as videogrammetry computed and plethysmography.

ESTILO DE VIDA DOS ESTUDANTES DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO UNIÃO/SC

A hipocinetica dos adolescentes esta cada vez mais presente no estilo de vida e relacionada com problemas de saude. Os habitos adquiridos durante a infância e adolescencia influenciam na qualidade de vida dos individuos. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o estilo de vida dos estudantes da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Porto Uniao. METODOLOGIA: Fizeram parte da amostra 109 adolescentes de uma faixa etaria entre 11 a 16 anos, de ambos os sexos. Para a caracterizacao da amostra foram coletados dados de massa corporal, estatura, indice de massa corporal e distribuicao da gordura corporal. O estilo de vida foi mensurado por um questionario (alimentar,atividade fisica, nivel socio economico e fatores de risco familiar) desenvolvido pelo Centro de Pesquisa em Exercicio eEsporte da Universidade Federal do Parana. No tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a analise descritiva, seguidamente uma correlacao de Pearson com o intuito de se determinar o grau de relacao entre as variaveis investigadas, tambem foi aplicado o teste t de “student”, com significância estipulado em 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve diferencas significativas nas variaveis de estatura e massa corporal entre os sexos, com os meninos mais altos e pesados. A inatividade fisica se manifestou com horas excessivas de tela ao redor de 11 horas semanais e o consumo de alcool em idade inadequada (12,14 ± 2,73 meninos e 10,66 ± 2,23 meninas) foram implicacoes relevantes encontradas no estudo. CONCLUSÂO: Pode-se observar que nos adolescentes avaliados prevalecem as atividades sedentarias, que influenciam diretamente no seu estilo de vida.