Leandro Abreu da Fonseca

Lactacidemia e concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase e creatinoquinase em equinos da raça Quarto de Milha usados em provas de laço em dupla

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of high intensity and short duration physical exercise (roping team competition) on plasma lactate and serum AST and CK concentrations in horses during competition at Espirito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 20 Quarter Horses, or cross-bred, in three moments: (1) at rest, one week before the competition, with the animals being trained, (2) just before the competition, and (3) immediately after the exercise. The samples were sent to Laboratorio Clinico do Centro Universitario Vila Velha for analysis. Plasma lactate concentrations were 0.49±0.24mmol/L, 0.93±0.16mmol/L e 9.86±2.09mmol/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Serum concentrations of AST were 189.1±43.6 IU/L, 210.2±46.7 IU/L e 173.1±33.5 IU/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Finally, serum concentrations of CK were 110.9±35.2 IU/L, 51.8±15.4 IU/L and 88.2±33.5 IU/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed physical exercise leaded to a significant elevation of plasma lactate and serum CK without alteration on AST. It was possible to conclude that horses were adapted to the level of exercise performed.

Action of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Dioctophyma renale eggs

The ovicidal action of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) was evaluated on Dioctophyma renale eggs under laboratory conditions (Assay A). Next, the enzymatic action of proteases and chitinases produced by P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was evaluated on D. renale eggs, under laboratory conditions (Assay B). At the end of the experiment, there was difference (p < 0.01) in the destruction of eggs in the four concentrations tested in relation to control group at each interval studied. On the other hand, no difference was observed (p > 0.01) among the concentrations in the destruction of eggs. However, there was a trend of increasing mortality with increased concentration. Then (Assay B), it was observed that in the 24-hour interval, the proteases and chitinases of P. chlamydosporia (VC4), either individually or together, caused a significant percentage reduction (p < 0.01) on the number of viable eggs of D. renale, compared to control, with the following reduction values: 27.8% (proteases), 29.4% (chitinases) and 43.4% (proteases + chitinases). Thus, the constant search for alternatives that may help combat the various infectious forms (or eggs and larvae) of potentially zoonotic nematodes is important, as in the use of fungi destroyers of eggs. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of P. chlamydosporia would be an approach in the biological control of nematodes.

Statistical experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus helminths

The present work used Plackett-Burman experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus Strongyloides westeri and trichostrongylides larvae and Platynosomum fastosum eggs. The variables studied in the Plackett-Burman design were the proteases and chitinases of AC001 or VC4 as destructive agents of S. westeri and trichostrongylides larvae, and P. fastosum eggs. All tested enzymes had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of S. westeri larvae. Furthermore, only VC4 and AC001 proteases showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of trichostrongylides larvae. On the other hand, chitinases of VC4 showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) on the destruction of P. fastosum eggs. It is proposed that statistical planning for the use of enzymes derived from nematophagous fungi is a viable way to elucidate some questions about their mechanism of action.

Atividade da colinesterase plasmática como biomarcador de impacto ambiental em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) no litoral do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco

Biomarcadores podem ser usados de forma preditiva, permitindo que sejam tomadas acoes de controle antes que ocorram danos ambientais irreversiveis com consequencias ecologicas severas, no entanto, especies sentinelas sao necessarias para avaliacao desses marcadores. As tartarugas marinhas sao consideradas especies sentinelas quando acometidas por fibropapilomas, sendo sinalizadora do desequilibrio ambiental marinho nas suas areas de ocorrencia. Com o objetivo de propor a determinacao da atividade da colinesterase plasmatica em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) como biomarcador, procedeu-se a determinacao da atividade enzimatica em animais saudaveis e em localidade de baixo impacto antropico (Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil) para servir como referencia para comparacao com animais capturados em locais de maior impacto antropico. Ao todo foram analisadas amostras de plasma heparinizado de 35 animais capturados. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram alguma atividade enzimatica de colinesterase plasmatica. Os valores obtidos de colinesterase variaram de 162 a 379 UI/L, com media e desvio padrao de 216,4 ± 51,4 UI/L. Nos estudos de repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade obtiveram-se coeficientes de variacao menor que 5% em todas as analises, portanto a metodologia analitica utilizada se mostrou confiavel. A longevidade das tartarugas marinhas da especie C. mydas, o comportamento alimentar, juntamente com o fato de possuirem atividade enzimatica detectavel podem indicar essa especie como bioindicadora de exposicao a poluentes que influenciam na atividade da colinesterase plasmatica

Culture medium characteristics on the predatory activity of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans

The influence of casein and pH on the activity of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on trichostrongylide larvae was evaluated. A ‘positive influence’ was observed contributing to the reduction of 63% in the average number of recovered L3 in the media supplemented with casein and pH 7.0.

Enteral Fluid Therapy in Horses: Effects of Maintenance Hypotonic Electrolyte Solutions Containing Maltodextrin, Sucrose, or Dextrose Administered in Continuous Flow

Abstract To evaluate the effects of maintenance hypotonic electrolyte solutions containing carbohydrates administered by nasoesophageal tube in continuous flow in horses during 12 hours on body weight, waist circumference, water intake, aspect and moisture content of the stool, frequency of defecation, urine density and urinary glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea and creatinine, and urinary volume in horses. We used six mares randomly divided into three treatments in two Latin squares 6 × 3, concurrent, in mixed model. All solutions had the same composition (5 g of NaCl, 0.5 g of KCl, 200 mg of magnesium pidolate, and 1 g of calcium gluconate, diluted in 1,000 mL of water), only differing in power source and osmolarity, ESMaltodextrin—electrolyte solution plus 15 g of maltodextrin (measured osmolarity of 203 mmol L−1); ESSucrose—electrolyte solution plus 15 g of sucrose (measured osmolarity of 234 mmol L−1); and ESDextrose—electrolyte solution plus 15 g of dextrose (measured osmolarity of 264 mmol L−1). The electrolyte solutions were administered at a dose of 15 mL kg−1 h−1 for 12 hours in continuous flow. Maintenance hypotonic electrolyte solutions containing maltodextrin, dextrose, and sucrose were effective in promoting diuresis and decreasing urinary density, without presenting adverse effects. ESSucr was more effective in softening the stool. HighlightsWe compared the effects of maintenance hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions administered in continuous flow in horses.Maintenance hypotonic electrolyte solutions containing maltodextrin, dextrose, and sucrose are effective in promoting diuresis and decreasing urinary density, without presenting adverse effects.Maintenance hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions with maltodextrin, dextrose, and sucrose are effective in horses.

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil

Este trabalho apresenta valores hematologicos e bioquimicos de pinguins-de-Magalhaes (Spheniscus magellanicus) juvenis que arribaram no Espirito Santo e Rio de Janeiro, litoral sudeste do Brasil, e foram encaminhados a reabilitacao. Os valores medios obtidos foram: eritrocitos 2.55±0.54 milhoes/μL; hemoglobina 13,37±3,91g/dL; hematocrito 41,5±0,04%; proteina plasmatica 6,34±0,81g/dL; leucocitos 16.301±6.402/μL; trombocitos 20.516±4.591 celulas/μL; volume corpuscular medio (VCM) 172,0±53,0 fL; concentracao de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM) 26,41±0,02%; alanina transaminase (ALT) 50,0±17,89 U/L; acido urico 8,93±3,0mg/dL; albumina 1,68±0,53g/dL; calcio 9,7±0,57mg/dL; fosforo 10,39±8,5mg/dL e glicose 211,6±30,3mg/dL. Valores de eritrocitos, VCM e CHCM foram discrepantes em relacao aos valores de referencia atuais. Valores de leucocitos e trombocitos tem significado inconclusivo. Hematocrito, hemoglobina, proteina plasmatica e valores bioquimicos forneceram importante contribuicao para o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referencia.

ENZYMATIC ACTION OF PROTEASES AND CHITINASES OF THE NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGIPOCHONIA CHLAMYDOSPORIA ON DIOCTOPHYMA RENALE EGGS

The giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale, is the largest nematode known. Eggs of D. renale are eliminated through urine of the dog and its development occurs in the external environment. In addition, its shell thick and wrinkled confers resistance in the environment for years. However, measures such as biological control that can help decrease egg concentrations may aid in the control of this zoonosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic action of proteases and chitinases produced by Pochonia chlamydosporia(VC4) on Dioctophymarenale eggs. Four groups were formed in sterile tubes, three treatment groups, one group treated with only VC4 proteases, one group treated with only VC4 chitinases, one group treated with both classes of enzymes (proteases and chitinases) and one control group (no enzyme). To avoid protease activity in the group treated only with chitinases, the protease inhibitor PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) was used. One hundred D. renale eggs were transferred into sterile tubes containing enzyme for each treated group. The control group consisted of one hundred D. renale eggs. The sterile tubes were incubated at 28 °C in the dark for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the total number of D. renale intact eggs present in each of the treated and control tubes was calculated. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that the proteases and chitinases of P. chlamydosporia (VC4), either individually or together, have caused a significant percentage reduction (p <0.01) on the number of viable eggs Blucher Biochemistry Proceedings Janeiro de 2015, Volume 1, Numero 1 www.proceedings.blucher.com.br/evento/jaibiq