Leandro Borges Lemos

Características agronômicas e tecnológicas de genótipos de feijão do grupo comercial Carioca

Cultivars with high yield, adaptability and desirable technological characteristics are a must. The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and technologic characters of common bean genotypes from carioca commercial group. Genotypes were cultivated in water growing season, in 2001 and 2002. The experimen- tal design was by randomized blocks with 29 genotypes and four replications. The IAC-Carioca, FT-Bonito, Ruda, Porto Real, CNFC 8008, CNFC 8011, CNFC 8012, CNFC 8013 and CNFC 8156 genotypes yielded above the average. The genotypes IAC-Carioca, CNFC 8012 and CNFC 8156 presented the best results with 3,000 kg ha -1 and 20 minutes cooking time.

Technological quality and utilization of potato tubers

Increasing concerns have been verified with regard to the quality factor of potato tubers and their correct form of use and consumption. The purpose of this research was to determine the technological quality of potato tuber cultivars and identify the best forms of use and consumption. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with 18 treatments represented by cultivars Agata, Apua (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), IAC Aracy Ruiva, Asterix, Bintje, Dali, Clone IAC-6090, Itarare (IAC-5986), Laguna, Remarka, Liseta, Mondial, Novita, Oscar, Picasso, Santana, and Solide, with four replications. Specific gravity showed a positive correlation with starch content, texture, pulp pH, and soluble solids, and was negatively correlated with reducing sugars. The technological characteristics represented by specific gravity, dry matter content, texture, starch content, reducing sugars, pulp pH, titrable acidity, and soluble solids are influenced by genotype or cultivar. Cultivars Oscar, Itarare, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Clone IAC-6090, Aracy, Solide, Asterix, Santana, and Laguna were outstanding with best characteristics for frying, mashing and roasting. Mondial, Picasso, Novita, Dali, and Agata are appropriate for boiling, and more specifically for salads. In turn, potato cultivars Apua, Remarka, Bintje, and Liseta are suitable for mashing and for roasting.

Componentes da produção, produtividade de grãos e características tecnológicas de cultivares de feijão

ABSTRACT YIELDING COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OFCOMMON BEAN CULTIVARS High yielding potential and proper cooking characters are the main desirable factors to be takeninto account in the choise of new common bean cultivars. In this research work, the yielding componentsconsidered were number of pods/plant, number of grains/pod and 100 grain-mass. As to the tecnologicalcharacters, grain crude protein content, cooking time and hydration ability were measured. A randomizedcomplete block design, with four replications, was set up in which 15 common bean cultivars were checkedfor the above mentioned parameters (Carioca, Perola, IAC Carioca, IAC Carioca Ete, IAC Carioca Pyata,Carioca Precoce, IAC Carioca Arua, FT Bonito, Ruda, Apore, Princesa, IAPAR 14, IAPAR 80, IAPAR 81and Porto Real). Grain yileding potentials above 3,500 kg ha -1 were observed in the cultivars Apore,Carioca Precoce and Ruda with superior cooking parameters being detected in the cultivars Carioca,IAPAR 80 and IAPAR 81.

Influência de silicato e calcário na nutrição, produtividade e qualidade da batata sob deficiência hídrica

Ca and Mg silicate application can ameliorate soil acidity and increase Ca, Mg, P, and Si availability to plants. Although Si is not an essential nutrient, its application is beneficial for plant growth and development, mainly under stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate potato nutrition, yield and quality of tuber in a soil amended with limestone and silicate, under two soil moisture conditions. The treatments consisted of dolomitic limestone or Ca and Mg silicate application, at rates calculated to raise the base saturation to 60 %, and at two soil water tensions: 0.020 MPa (without drought stress) and 0.050 MPa (drought stress). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in pots containing 50 kg dm-3 of an Acrortox. A completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replications was used. Drought stress had little effect on potato nutrition, but decreased marketable tuber yield. Ca and Mg silicate reached the same levels of soil amelioration and Ca and Mg supply as dolomitic limestone, besides resulting in higher P and Si soil availability and plant uptake. Silicon supply through silicate application to potato induced higher plant height, reduced stem lodging, and higher marketable tuber yield.

Adubação nitrogenada de cobertura no feijoeiro, em plantio direto e convencional

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen topdressing in common bean agronomic performance in no tillage and conventional tillage system. The work was developed during two seasons, in different years, in a Rhodic Kandiudox soil, using the succession black oat/pear millet/common bean cv. Perola (fall-winter, spring and summer, respectively), in no irrigated conditions. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in split plot design, with four replications. The parcels were represented by different soil tillage (conventional and no tillage), and the subparcels by doses of nitrogen applied in topdressing (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha -1 of N); urea was used as source of N. Common bean crop has distinct responses to the doses of nitrogen in topdressing through the years of cultivation, with higher grain yield in the second year of the succession black oat/pearl millet/bean, needing, however, higher doses in no tillage system.

Aplicação tardia de nitrogênio no feijoeiro em sistema de plantio direto

LATE NITROGEN APPLICATION ON COMMON BEAN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM The utilization of techniques that allow the maximization efficiency of nitrogen use by the common bean is important to increase grain yield and quality, to decrease production cost, and to avoid environmental contamination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in response to levels of sidedressed nitrogen applied on the V4 and on the beginning of R7 development stages, in no-tillage system. A randomized complete block design, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications was used. The treatments were a combination of two N levels (0 and 90 kg ha -1 ) in the V4 stage and four N levels (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha -1 ) in the beginning of the R7 stage. When nitrogen fertilization was not used in V4 stage, the application in the beginning of R7 stage increased the common bean grain yield in no-tillage system. Nitrogen application in the V4 stage (90 kg

Efeito do nitrogênio sobre a qualidade fisiológica, produtividade e caracterísiticas de sementes de feijão

7 RESUMO - Os resultados da adubacao com N sobre a produtividade de feijao sao controvertidos. A maioria dos trabalhos nao estuda o efeito do N sobre a qualidade fisiologica e o tamanho das sementes. Um experimento foi realizado no municipio de Sao Manuel (SP), no ano agricola de 1993/94, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, utilizando-se a cv. IAC-Carioca, visando estudar a influencia da combinacao de doses de N (0,0; 12,5 e 25,0 kg ha -1 ) na semeadura e em cobertura sobre a qualidade fisiologica, produtividade e tamanho das sementes. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualisados em esquema fatorial 3x3, com 4 repeticoes. Foram avaliados os componentes da producao (n° de sementes/planta e massa de 100 sementes), a produtividade, a germinacao e o vigor (1 a . contagem, indice de velocidade de germinacao e condutividade eletrica), e o tamanho das sementes. Nao houve efeito de interacao entre doses de N na semeadura com as de cobertura nas variaveis analisadas. As doses de N nao mostraram efeito favoravel sobre a germinacao e o vigor das sementes. O fornecimento de 25,0 kg ha -1 de N na semeadura proporcionou o aumento dos componentes da producao, mas sem elevar a produtividade. A disponibilidade de N, pela adubacao de cobertura, aumentou o tamanho das sementes. ABSTRACT - The results of fertilizing with N on bean yield are questionable, and most of the works does not study the effect of the N on the physiologic seed quality and size (screen grading). The experiment was set out in Sao Manuel, SP, Brazil, in the agricultural year 1993/94, on a Yellow Red Latosol (Haplorthox) using bean cultivar IAC-Carioca, in randomized blocks design with four replications. The objective of this research was to study three rates of N (0,0; 12,5 and 25,0 kg ha -1 ) applied at seed sowing time, combined with the same rates broadcasted after seedling emergence. At harvest the following characteristics were evaluated: yield components (number of seeds per plant and one hundred seeds weight), seeds yield, percentage of germination, first counting germination percentage, germination speed index and electrical conductivy. There was no significant effect of the interaction of N applied at seed sowing times broadcasting. Applied N rates did not shown any favorable effects on seed germination and seed vigor. Supplying 25,0 kg ha -1 of N at sowing time increased yield components, without increasing yield. Availability of N, due to broadcasted fertilizer increased seed size.

Suscetibilidade de genótipos de feijão ao vírus-do-mosaico-dourado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of common bean genotypes in relation to the golden mosaic virus, transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The genotypes were cultivated in dry and water growing seasons, with and without application of the granulated systemic Aldicarb insecticide (3.0 kg ha -1 of a.i.). The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 14x2 factorial scheme, represented by the genotypes and insecticide application, respectively, with four replications. The highest whitefly infestation and golden mosaic virus incidence occurred on dry growing season, and caused reduction on bean yield. The genotypes presented different degrees of susceptibility to the mosaic virus and to the vector insect. The most tolerant genotypes were IAPAR 57, IAPAR 65, IAPAR 72, Onix, Apore and 606 (5)(214-17). Insecticide application controlled the vector insect in both growing seasons, and provided yield increment.

Influência da época de semeadura e do manejo da parte aérea de milheto sobre a soja em sucessão em plantio direto

Crop residues management must be adequate in no-tillage systems. Winter millet has shown to produce crop residues of slow decomposition in adequate amounts. The experiment aimed to study growing millet in three sowing times (5/Mar, 25/Mar and 19 Apr/99, under rainfed conditions, five types of crop cut management (at each flowering and no residues; at each flowering with residues; at flowering and no residues; at flowering with residues, no cut) and its effects on soybean yield, grown in succession. It was concluded that millet sown in March and cut at the time of each flowering provided the greatest amounts of crop residues. In general, millet produced large amounts of crop residues and for the 5/Mar and 19/Apr sowing dates, provided the greatest yields for soybean in succession.

Qualidade nutricional e tecnológica de genótipos de feijão cultivados em diferentes safras agrícolas

ABSTRACT NUTRITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CULTIVADED IN DIFFERENT SEASONSThe common bean is one of the most cultivated crops in the Brazil, and thus, the search for cultivars that are more productive, adapted to the environment and have good cooking characteristics is intense. The objective of this study was to assess the behavior of different common bean genotypes in relation to protein content, cooking time and hydration capacity. The experiment was carried out during three successive crop seasons, including the dry and rainy seasons of 2005 and the dry season of 2006. The experiment was designed in a randomized blocks, with 24 treatments represented by the common bean genotypes (Carioca and Black commercial groups), with four replications. Beans produced during the rainy season of 2005 had the longest cooking time, the lowest protein content and the longest time for maximum hydration. Genotypes LP 98-20 and CNFC 9494 (Carioca commercial group), as well as the Grauna and IAC Una cultivars (Black commercial group) showed the shortest cooking time in all crop seasons, while Gen 96A10, CNFC 9484 (Carioca commercial group) and CNFP10138 (Preto commercial group) showed low percentage of hardshell grains and shorter time to maximum hydration.